Women, African Americans And Literature - 1747 Words

Women, African-Americans Literature in the Progressive Era One of the greatest turning points in American history was the Progressive era due to the advancements and social responses led by women and people of color. Many depictions of this era through secondary sources can be used to see the conflicts faced by the individuals of the time period and the political movement that ensued right after. Many favorable outcomes resulted from this time period including the start of reformation from women and people of color, and new entertainment source being literature. The nineteenth century was coming to an end, and new obstacles were coming into play. Urban growth, mass migration, currency deflation, and social issues all led to the†¦show more content†¦The welfare of the city was a priority for many women during this time period. Compared to some progressive husbands, the wives had a tendency to be more independent and efficient workers. Ultimately, with the help of the progressive movement, women gained the right to vote on August 18, 1920. In the mid 19th century, the suffrage movement took on a new life. Due to the fact that women could not vote, they got politically involved. Beginning in the year of1890, women were creating organizations including the General Federation of Women s Club, and the National Ladies Government Union. Strikes were being held for women solidarity, including the Triangle Shortwaist Strike. These organizations weren t the only things that women were creating; they also contributed to the new libraries and schools in their communities. The role of women in the household and workforce was changing dramatically. Before this time period, women aspired to marry a successful and rich man so that they could live comfortably. Marrying a well-endowed man would ensure the wife with a steady income source and pleasurable life. This idea changed because women were starting to gain independence and strived to make their own money from jobs other than prostitution. Even women s idea of modesty changed. They would usually dress modestly and wore their hair up as to not look prudish. This idea was thrown out the window, and women started dressing forShow MoreRelatedYou Can t Write An Honest Novel About Race1492 Words   |  6 Pagesthe story, Ifemelu constantly points this out. Since Americanah is a relatively new novel, hardly any academic articles have been written about it. The article â€Å"Fictional Representations of Contemporary Diasporas: The Case of the Invisible Diasporic Women of Chimamanda Adichie† by Claudio Braga and R. Gonà §alves analyses diaspora in Adichie’s works, including Americanah, and Serena Guarracino’s â€Å"Writing  «so Raw and True »: Blogging in Chimamanda Adichie’s Americanah† analyses the way Internet and bloggingRead MoreVoices Of Freedom : Slavery s Impact On African American Literature1204 Words   |  5 Pages Voices of Freedom: Slavery’s impact on African American Literature In the early to mid-nineteenth century, America found itself divided over the issue of slavery. The culture, traditions, and economy of southern states depended heavily on slave labor, while the northern states opposed the institution of slavery. Even though the slave trade was declared illegal in the early nineteenth century, slavery itself was not illegalized until more than a half century later. Abolitionists used powerfulRead MoreNew Negro Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesThe abolition of slavery in the United States presented southern African Americans with many new opportunities, including the option of relocation in search of better living conditions. The mass movement of black people from the rural areas of the South to the cities of the North, known as the Black Migration, came in the 1890s when black men and women left the south to settle in cities such as Philadelphia and New York, fleeing from the rise of Jim Crowe Laws and searching for work. This migrationRead More Essay on Phillis Wheatley1643 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica’s most profound writers, has contributed greatly to American literature, not only as a writer, but as an African American woman, who has influenced many African Americans by enriching their knowledge of and exposure to their Negro heritage and Negro literature. As one of America’s most renown writers, Wheatley, said to be the mother of African American Literature, is best known for her sympathetic portrayals of African American thought. Wheatley’s literary contributions are vast in natureRead MoreSocial Injustice: Invisibility and Suppression Among Minorities1254 Words   |  6 Pagespost-1865 American literature is the recurrent motif of suppression among minority groups in the United States. The literature provided in the Heath Anthology reflects minority citizens like African Americans, Hispanics, and women. American literature during the 20th century serves as a critical lens to examine the social injustices faced by minority groups. Minority artists use literature to examine and redefine their pre-determined role in society. The critically acclaimed African American scholarRead MoreAnalysis Of Inuyasha And Othello 1373 Words   |  6 Pageson portrayals of African Americans. I began this study with a memory from my adolescents to implicate the importance of understanding â€Å"blackness† in contemporary Japanese culture, which grants conflicting views of â€Å"blackness† as it is redefined in popular culture. In conducting this study, I want to understand what these representations will mean for African Americans, specifically women, who go to reside in Japan. The lack of representation of black women in scholarly literature about East Asia promptedRead MoreWhat Does Ethnic Literature Mean?994 Words   |  4 Pagesdoes ethnic literature mean? We all have some ethnicity in us that is different than the rest, so doesn’t that mean that all of our literary contributions make up that of American ethnic literature? Before the Civil War, many of the minority people of America started writing poems, songs, and other types of literature that helped describe what life was like in America as an outsider in the â€Å"white† world. These writings became the beginnings of what is now called American ethnic literature. Early authorsRead More American Poet: Phillis Wheatley Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Poet: Phillis Wheatley Phillis Wheatley was an African-born slave in the last quarter of the eighteenth-century in New England. She was born in West Africa and brought to America on the slave ship Phillis. She was, however, much more than chattel-she was a poet. Phillis was the first African American to have a book published. In a time when women were not expected to be able to read or write, and when teaching an African American to be literate was frowned upon, Phillis Wheatley becameRead MoreRace And Gender Roles : The Women On The Porch As Southern Gothic Literature893 Words   |  4 PagesSouthern literature, the portrayal of female characters evolved along side with the Southern culture. Female characters became more independent, strong-willed, and hardworking. Even African Americans became the main characters in Southern literature. In â€Å"Caroline Gordon’s Ghosts: The Women on the Porch as Southern Gothic Literature†, Tanfer Tunc discusses the evolution of the female character in So uthern literature. Tunc also notes that traces of racism can still be found in Southern literature. EvenRead MoreBeauty Between Beauty And Beauty1140 Words   |  5 Pagesclass, race, and gender. Eventually changing the definition of how beauty is viewed. Beauty however, has become more important to women as majority research focuses on gender difference and the experience of physical attractiveness (Poran 2002). Since the early centuries, there have been numerous attempts to try and adhere to those existing beauty notions (Patton 2002). Women, of course, would follow these beauty standards rigorously. Nevertheless, the constant changes in society have always changed

Taste And Cultural Opinion On Taste - 932 Words

Taste in incredibly complex and subjective. It can be both a personal and cultural opinion that holds influence over the world around us and how we as a society and an audience think, feel and view things we are presented with. Taste is an integral part of modern consumption and can change and evolve over time considerably along with our own personal experiences and opinion. Taste can inexplicably cause conflict due to its fickle nature, this can lead to taste becoming a problem. If something does not conform to society and culture’s taste then it will most likely be subject to censorship, in an effort to make the content conform and become tasteful. In this essay I shall be looking at three different things that have all been affected issues of taste and cultural opinion along with censorship. The use of censorship in tandem with taste is an interesting link that I shall hopefully explore and discuss. FUCKOFFEE is a coffee shop on Bermondsey Street located in the borough of Southwark in London. It has recently made the headlines around the world due to the shops exterior signage. The business owners were eventually threatened by the landlord with court proceedings and a legal injunction after the sign was brought to their attention. The landlord demanded that the sign must be changed so it no longer contained the word fuck as it was deemed inappropriate and not suitable due to the shops location and prominence within the local community; the shop’s owners eventuallyShow MoreRelatedMusic Taste And Its Effect On Your Own Image934 Words   |  4 Pagesemploy musical taste to fit in with different groups. By simply claiming you hate one band, and love another you can completely shift the way people characterize you. As Bourdieu and Wilson lay out in this chapter, taste is a way to â€Å"fight for power and status† with your peers. It allows one to â€Å"condemn those b eneath you†. Musical taste is a tool to categorize people and also shift the way you are personally characterized. If you are in tune with current musical trends and opinions of those aroundRead MoreDavid Hume and His Thoughts Essay741 Words   |  3 PagesThoughts Hume begins his argument by observing that there is â€Å"a great variety of taste, as well as of opinions, which prevails the world.† This diversity is found among people of the same background and culture within the same group and is even more pronounced among â€Å"distance nations and remote ages.† A â€Å"standard of taste† would provide a definite way to reconcile this diversity. By taste, Hume refers to impressions or emotional responses associated with beauty and Read MoreThe Gay Science : A Modern Critique Of Science1621 Words   |  7 Pagesbe read in this way, contrary to Bertrand Russell’s opinion, Nietzsche has much to say about the ontological import of science. 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Berelson and Steiner G. perception can be defined as a process from which individualsRead MoreCultural Artifact with Hot Dry Noodles956 Words   |  4 Pagespeople under different food cultural backgrounds, their eating habits and tastes are different. Every place in this world had one or more typical foods to show its culture. Wuhan, where I grew up, is famous not only of its historical sites, like Yellow Crane Tower and Guiyuan Tempe but also famous of its characteristic snacks, such as Hot Dry Noodle, Doupi and duck necks. In these special foods, Hot Dry Noodle is the most important one because it is not only good at taste, but it also can show theRead MoreMarketing and Heineken959 Words   |  4 Pagescompetitive and cultural barriers does the Heineken b rand face? 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It’s vital to grasp both sides of social constructs when discussing dietary adviceRead MoreBeauty Is a Reflection of Culture and Perception Essay809 Words   |  4 Pagesone can compare to. In order to understand why beauty is not a universal idea, one must know what beauty is, what each c ulture perceives as beauty, and the misperception society gives people. One’s idea of beauty should be based on his or her own cultural perceptions, reminding one that society, media, or any other source cannot define a universal idea of the art of beauty. Humans all want to be noticed and admired by that special someone. They also have the tendency to envy or want to be enviedRead MoreStarbuck1743 Words   |  7 Pagesmarket and adapt his offers according to the needs and mores (usages). There are several barriers facing Starbucks to the â€Å"teaching† people to change their consumption habits from tea and instant coffee. First of all, the major problem is that a cultural problem. In fact tea is still the number one beverage in China because it is a part of China’s national heritage. China has 1.3 billion populations, and the potential 1.3 billion populations is largely based in rural area. There is a rupture betweenRead MoreEl Bulli Case Study654 Words   |  3 Pagesmade el Bulli the best restaurant in the world? Which elements of the elBulli experience create value for customers? There is no doubt that what Ferran Adrià ¡ create to it’s customer, is on the same concept as going to a big concert or visit a cultural attractive experience, been attracted for what it is next. The exclusivity of El Bulli, the only access to enter and been accepted a reservation entourages a whole reserved and luxury event that only few can have. The food issue is so innovative

Math Checkup Unit Free Essays

Circle the letter of your answer(s) and explain your choice(s). B. D. We will write a custom essay sample on Math Checkup Unit or any similar topic only for you Order Now The slope is a. Point-slope form b. Slope-intercept form 5. What is the slope off line that is perpendicular to [pick]? Show your work. Answer: A line perpendicular to Hopi]x would have a slope that’s the reciprocal of the slope to Hopi]x. So the answer is [pick]. 6. Write the equation off line passing through (0,6) and parallel to the line [pick]. Arctic]x+6 7. Which of the following tables of values could have been generated by a linear function? How do you know? I-I II 1-5 1-7 1-9 1-11 110 115 Table A is a linear function, since it has an even distribution in both its x and y values. Table B is NOT a linear function, since it doesn’t have an even distribution in its y values. Table C is a linear function, since it has an even distribution in both its x and y values. 8. For each table in #7 that could have been generated by a linear function, calculate the slope of the line produced by that function. The rise over run formula [pick] shows the slope of a function table. Table A has a slope of -2. Table C has a slope of O. 9. The cost of hosting a dinner in a particular restaurant is given by y = 18. Xx + 250, where x is the number of people at the dinner and y is dollars. What is the slope of this function? What does it mean in the context of the problem? The slope is 18. 5. It meaner that each person that attends costs $18. 50. 10. The cost of hosting a dinner in a particular restaurant is given by y = 18. Xx + 250, where x is the number of people at the dinner and y is dollars. What is the y- intercept of this function? What does it mean in the context of the problem? The y-intercept is 250. This meaner that you must pay $250 BEFORE you pay for each guest’s meal. 1 1 . Write the equation of the line that is parallel to the x-axis and goes through the 12. Does the point (2,6) lie on the line that connects (IA) and (03)? Explain. The equation for the slope of (1 A) and (03) is rug+3. Just plug (2,6) into the equation: 6=2+3? NO. So, no. (2,6) does not lie in the line that connects (1 A) and (03). 13. Which of the following pairs of lines are perpendicular? How do you know? Perpendicular? A. [pick and [pick] No. Their slopes are NOT negative reciprocals. B. [pick] and [pick] Yes. Their slopes are negative reciprocals. And [pick] No. Their slopes are NOT negative reciprocals. C. [pick] 14. Jeremy uses the linear function G = ah + 50 to represent the grade, G (in points out of 100), that he can earn on an exam as a function of h, the number of hours he spends studying for the exam. A. Identify the slope and y-intercept of Jersey’s function and explain what they mean in the context of the problem. The slope is 12 and the y-intercept is 50. This meaner that Jersey’s score, if he didn’t study, would be 50. However, for every hour he studies, his score will go up 12 points. . If Jeremy spends 3 hours studying for the exam, what grade does he expect to earn? Show your work. Jeremy can expect to earn 86 points on the test if he studies for 3 hours. C. How many hours should Jeremy study if he wants to earn a perfect score on the exam? Show your work. 100= +50 ah h = 4 hours, 10 minutes. – up, where p is the price in dollars of the product a nd D is the number of products that can be sold at that price. A. What does the slope of this function mean in the context of the problem? The slope shows that for each dollar the price increases, two less items will be sold. . What price should be set in order to sell 75 items? Show your work. UP = 25 p = $12. 50 The price should be set as $12. 50 to sell 75 items. 75 = 100 16. Temperature may be given in degrees Celsius or in degrees Fahrenheit. The freezing point of water is 32(F or O(C. The boiling point of water is 212(F or OHIO(C. A. Write the equation of a line that shows the relationship between degrees Fahrenheit and degrees Celsius. B. What is the temperature in Fahrenheit when it is ICC? C. What is the temperature in Celsius when it is OFF? 6. 1 Celsius 17. Write at least three different expressions that mean â€Å"slope. † 62. 6 Fahrenheit 18. In order to write the equation off line, what two pieces of information do you need? (Hint: there may be more than one answer to this question. ) You must know both the slope and y-intercept to write the equation of a line. The number of soccer balls produced. A. What is the slope of this equation and what does it represent in the context of the problem? The slope is 7, and that meaner each soccer ball costs $7. B. What is the y-intercept of this equation and what does it represent in the intent of the problem? How to cite Math Checkup Unit, Papers

HUMAN ACTIONS IN ROMEO AND JULIET Essay Paper Example For Students

HUMAN ACTIONS IN ROMEO AND JULIET Essay Paper Word Count: 535In the play Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, two teenagers are controlled by achain of human actions. Act 4, scenes 1,3 and 5, are a good representation of the web of humanactions that cause tragedy between the pair of star crossed lovers (prologue). One example of human actions being dominant in those particular scenes is FriarLawrence. His actions, while being in good intent, caused much of the pain for the othercharacters in the book. His first action was to offer his help to the depressed Juliet, thinking thatmaybe he could spy a kind of hope (Act 4, sc i, ll 68). His actions then led him to think of thefake death which he tells to her. Hold then, go home, be merry (Act 4, sc i, ll 89), he tells her,while he gives her the poison and plans to give Romeo a message describing the plan. He doesnthowever, make sure Romeo gets the message which is probably the most crucial human action inthe play. The other example of human actions controlling the plot is Juliet. In those scenes she actsin ways which seriously affect her life and the rest of the play. First, she comes to the Friarlooking for help. I long to die, if what thou speakst speak not of remedy (Act 4, sc i, ll 66-67)is her attitude towards her situation. She then accepts the friars solution and decides to take thepoison. Give me, give me! Oh tell me not of fear (Act 4, sc 1, ll 121) are her words spoken tothe friar. Her actions here are to be brave and to rush into the plan. Her actions are moreimportant than the friars in this scene because she has all the control. The friars actions are mostlysuggestions and thoughts while her actions are the ones that are physical and are actually put intouse. This scene isnt the only scene that demonstrates human actions controlling the play. Forexample, in the very first scene, Tybalt and Benvolio fight causing a certain amount of tension thatsets the play up for some of the major events that happen later. Another example of this is whenRomeo and Juliet meet, Romeo goes out of his way to see her again, once more, setting up theplot. The web of human actions gets larger and stronger until finally, the two biggest humanactions occur and the two main characters lay dead. Lay dead because the actions they took ledthem to suicide. This incident, as tragic as it is, could probably have been avoided. If the actions that weretaken by the characters had been planned better and the consequences had been thought aboutmaybe a better outcome would have been reached. For example, if Friar Lawrence had thoughtabout what would happen if Romeo didnt receive the message in time, he probably would havetaken better precautions. Or maybe if Romeo had thought twice about killing Tybalt, he wouldhave realized that it couldnt help getting closer to Juliet. Therefore, my advice in this situation isto think hard about your actions. Dont be caught up in the outcomes of them like Romeo andJuliet did.

Things to Know (History) Flashcard

Things to Know (History)

Free Essays on The White Heron

The short story â€Å"A White Heron† written by Sarah Orne Jewett is the story of a young girl and how she becomes her own person in a time when women were supposed to be loyal like dogs toward men. The current views and the beginning of change in those views that some of society held towards the independence of women in the late 1800s can be seen through the character portrayals in â€Å"A White Heron.† In the opening of the story, Sylvia is alone in the woods driving home her cow when she runs into a young man. As the man approaches she refers to him as the enemy, and in a way he is. In the story Sylvia, her grandmother, and even the female cow are living a life that is free of males, yet happy. Suddenly, in comes this hunter to throw off the balance of the independent and female dominant life Sylvia knows. When Sylvia and the hunter return to Sylvia’s grandmother, Mrs. Tilley’s house Sylvia believed Mrs. Tilley had misunderstood the situation and made a mistake in allowing him to stay. The story also showed change when it mentioned the awakening of Mrs. Tilley’s â€Å"long slumbering hospitality,† reminding the reader of how secluded the women were (Charters, 391). Jewett shows men as being proud and always in search of a prize, rather than companionship. When the hunter began to converse with Mrs. Tilley he claimed a love for birds and that he had a great collection of them, in this way he wanted the birds as a prize he could display rather than a companion or friend. With this character and his display of stuffed dead birds, it relates how women were also viewed in this time. In this time women could be considered prizes, part of a man’s belongings to be displayed and admired. It can also be said that women were not expected to really live their life, but instead to become dead inside like the birds were dead. Love for men was similar to ownership. In the story Mrs. Tilley is an older woman who is easily able to rever... Free Essays on The White Heron Free Essays on The White Heron The short story â€Å"A White Heron† written by Sarah Orne Jewett is the story of a young girl and how she becomes her own person in a time when women were supposed to be loyal like dogs toward men. The current views and the beginning of change in those views that some of society held towards the independence of women in the late 1800s can be seen through the character portrayals in â€Å"A White Heron.† In the opening of the story, Sylvia is alone in the woods driving home her cow when she runs into a young man. As the man approaches she refers to him as the enemy, and in a way he is. In the story Sylvia, her grandmother, and even the female cow are living a life that is free of males, yet happy. Suddenly, in comes this hunter to throw off the balance of the independent and female dominant life Sylvia knows. When Sylvia and the hunter return to Sylvia’s grandmother, Mrs. Tilley’s house Sylvia believed Mrs. Tilley had misunderstood the situation and made a mistake in allowing him to stay. The story also showed change when it mentioned the awakening of Mrs. Tilley’s â€Å"long slumbering hospitality,† reminding the reader of how secluded the women were (Charters, 391). Jewett shows men as being proud and always in search of a prize, rather than companionship. When the hunter began to converse with Mrs. Tilley he claimed a love for birds and that he had a great collection of them, in this way he wanted the birds as a prize he could display rather than a companion or friend. With this character and his display of stuffed dead birds, it relates how women were also viewed in this time. In this time women could be considered prizes, part of a man’s belongings to be displayed and admired. It can also be said that women were not expected to really live their life, but instead to become dead inside like the birds were dead. Love for men was similar to ownership. In the story Mrs. Tilley is an older woman who is easily able to rever...

Misrepresentation of Women in Cinema Movie Review - 1

Misrepresentation of Women in Cinema - Movie Review Example The author of the paper states that the concept of women and its consequences are built also by the influence of cinema and its production of images in everyday life of subjects. Analysts say that culture is an intervention area of ideology and the picture of a woman presented culturally is a stereotypical image. It can also be said that the social construction of woman, that worked for various types media (whether by magazines and advertisements, whether for film and television) is usually based on criteria pre-established socially and imposes an idealized image of women.  Misrepresentation of women in cinema can be in many ways although the most common form of misrepresentation is the objectification of women. Objectification is the treatment of a person like a tool or an object while disregarding their dignity. A person is objectified if they are treated as if they are owned by another or like a tool for another person’s purposes. Objectification means there is no concern for their feelings thereby the particular person is denied subjectivity. The most relevant form of women objectification is sexual objectification. It is the treatment of a woman simply like an instrument for deriving sexual pleasure thereby making the particular woman a sex object. Sexual objectification is an important idea in feminist theory and psychological theories derived from feminism. Most feminists view sexual objectification as deplorable and as playing a vital role in the promotion of gender equality.  One of the feminists Laura Mulvey uses psychoanalysis and her own impressions to enlighten on what would be the female representations within the macho culture. For the system, there is already an idea of woman as an eternal victim: it is her lack that produces the phallus as a symbolic presence; her desire is to compensate the lack what it means.

Assess to Assessing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Assess to Assessing - Essay Example Apparently, there is a huge difference between an individual who is geographically literate and one who is not. For instance, a person who is geographically literate is able to understand the issues surrounding particular communities, their location, the way of life of the members from such communities and how such communities have affected the lives of other communities around them (Backler, 1988). Geographically literate individuals are also more capable of understanding the relationships between complex elements, such as humans and places, and such knowledge about the two allows them to be able to explain the changes and the consistencies in their characteristics. Moreover, a geographically literate individual is more likely to be able to solve more problems than someone who is not, and the ability to be able to do so is one that affects future decisions that would be made. The subject itself is one that is practical for an individual’s everyday use, and it not only adds to our understanding about the world, but also allows us to appreciate the different elements that make up the world (Backler, A. 1988). In the United Kingdom, â€Å"the external examination of school Geography has undergone a dramatic process of bureaucratization since the 1970s, changing from a ‘broad view’ characterized by the exercise of professional judgement and agreement on standards between Chief Examiners and teachers, to a ‘narrow view’ dominated by technical specifications, traditional content and fragmented subject knowledge. The overall outcome is a chasm between examiners and teachers in as much as the former give the latter little scope to develop creative approaches. Curriculum development considerations were cast aside as most public examination awarding bodies, pressurized to comply with new regulations at short notice and dependent on the goodwill of a casual workforce.† (pp. 670-671, Winter, 2009). In a study conducted by Caitling (2004), some

Purchasing and Resource Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Purchasing and Resource Management - Case Study Example Spiller of having followed normal purchasing procedures, selecting the appropriate supplier and even in approving the price for this high -intensity x-ray processor. There is no way that Dr. Spiller would have followed the right purchasing procedures without involving Rose Silver who is the manager in -charge of purchasing and from whom the final decisions regarding hospital purchases are expected to come from. Rose is a professional purchaser who ought to be consulted on matters related to purchasing in the whole business organisation. Failure to consult her might lead to a professional blunder and unnecessary misunderstanding amongst the management staff in the organisation a thing that would slow down productivity and overall development of a firm. The exercise of selecting suppliers is a long on and it involves calling for interested suppliers to apply for tenders with the management. It is from these applicants that the most competitive and appropriate supplier is found. The head of radiology department made his purchases decisions in such a hurry that there was no time to compare and choose from a number of suppliers. He seems to have settled on only single supplier who is New Age Radiology Inc. a move that can even compromise with the quality of the equipment supplied. In using method of selecting the right supplier Dr Spiller was supposed to involve the purchasing manager who would have made major contribution in the selection of the most suitable supplier.1As a trained marketing manager Rose has all the knowledge in selecting a better supplier from a given group of applicants. Through contacting a number of suppliers the purchasing manager will be able to come up with the best price for the good quality equipments. Most likely she would not go for the cheapest because the more cheap the equipment is the higher the chances of it being of a poor quality. Again he cannot go for the extremely expensive one so as not to strain the hospitals budget although this does not imply that she will ignore the aspect of quality. There is no justification that Dr. Spiller went through the above process in selecting New Age Radiology as the hospitals major supplies. His, appears to be haste decisions made by someone who was not interested to gather the views of the most appropriate person in the field of purchasing. He went ahead and told Rose that everything was in order and the machine was sold in the prices but he could not explain how this was arrived at. Question Two Dr. Spiller's approach can culminate into immeasurable risk and associated ethical problems. Failing to select a supplier from a wide base of applicants will lead to the sole supplier taking an advantage of monopoly which will end up in poor quality supply of equipment. The supplier may end up supplying a faulty X-ray processor that will not give the required services to the hospital. This will mean extra expenses in the repair of the faulty equipments or purchasing a new one to replace the faulty one if it is beyond repair. A thing that will add up to increased expenditure for the hospital thereby forcing the hospital to realize low profits or even loses. Another risk is on the price which he approved without contacting Rose who was the right person in recommending the best price to pay for the purchased machine. Following the fact that Dr. Spiller is not a specialist in the purchasing field chances are high that might have approved and already overcharged

French novels: Proust

French novels: Proust MARCEL PROUST â€Å"We dont receive wisdom; we must discover it for ourselves after a journey that no one can take for us or spare us.† Marcel Proust INTRODUCTION The concept of ‘novel’ had become extremely well defined towards the end of the nineteenth century. Along with other languages, French novels were also slowly becoming extremely popular. One of the chief pioneers of French novels was Marcel Proust. In a time of literary resurgence in the continent of Europe, Marcel Proust played a vital role in bringing about a rise in French literature’s constant value on the literary market. Marcel Proust was a prolific writer who succeeded in grasping France’s cultural and its gigantic literary significance. Coming from a wealthy Jewish bourgeois family, he had to face a lot of personal losses which became a central theme in his writings. Having become a chronic invalid at a very young age, he was confined to lead a morose, depressing life. Despite these odds he managed to keep up with his social and literary acquaintances. Most people who met him or spoke with him thought him to be eccentric. Most of his literary works were a representation of his memories. He converted the treasure-house of his gloomy and haunting memories into a composition of classy literature. When it came to writing, he thought of himself to be the sole creator, a God who brought the very richness of his enchanted stream of memory to life by penning it on a piece of paper. So what made Marcel Proust a legend in the field of literature? What were the obstacles he had to face before becoming the famous author the world knows today? Let us go back in time and witness the making of Marcel Proust. A GENIUS IS BORN In the beautiful city of Paris, France, Adrien and Jeanne Proust welcomed a beautiful baby boy into their prosperous household on 10th July 1871. The baby was named Marcel Proust by his parents. Marcel’s father, Adrien was a renowned physician and his wife, Jeanne was from a wealthy Jewish family. Marcel was a sickly child as he kept falling sick at regular intervals. In 1880 at the tender age of 9, he suffered from a strange but severe state of breathlessness. Worried, his father used his medical skills on his son and realised that Marcel was asthmatic. Medicine wasn’t as advanced as it is today and so his medication did not allow him to play with the other children like a normal child. Upon exerting too much energy he would suffer from breathlessness at regular intervals. Thus he spent most of his time at home and as a result Marcel suffered from depression. In order to rid Marcel of his depression his parents would often send him to Auteuil on holidays or at seaside resorts in Normandy where his maternal grandmother lived. While on vacation, Marcel would spend much of his time reading and trying to write his own thoughts in the form of a short story or poems. EARLY YEARS He attended a school called ‘Lycà ¨e Condorcet’ and wrote various articles for class magazines. However, as fate would have it, his education was disrupted due to him falling ill frequently. Marcel was very fond of his mother, Jeanne and was attached to her. Jeanne saw the passion her son had towards writing. She herself was well read and literate and would often write letters which demonstrated a well developed sense of humour. She also had a very strong command over the English language and guided Marcel in translations. She wanted Marcel to finish his graduation and so she also helped him with his studies and Marcel finally graduated in 1890 at the age of 19. In spite of poor health, 19 years old Marcel decided to enter the military. He was enlisted in the French army and was stationed at the Coligny Barracks in Orlà ¨ans. This proved to be quite an experience for Marcel as he learnt the importance of discipline and comradeship. Before joining the army, Marcel was often considered to be a snob due to his lavish lifestyle but after returning from the army in 1893 at the age of 22, Marcel was a changed man. He was more disciplined and social towards people. Upon his return from the army he studied at the School of Political Sciences and acquired licenses in law in 1893 and literature in 1895. In the beginning of 1895, Marcel spent several years reading and researching the works of art critic and patron, John Ruskin. This helped Marcel in refining his own theories of art and philosophy. Marcel then set out to translate two of Ruskin’s works into French but he constantly faced problems since English wasn’t his first language. So, to overcome this obstacle he made his translations a group affair. He took the help of his friend Reynaldo Hahn and his cousin who was British and got his translation polished. Marcel would often visit Madame Straus’ bourgeois get-togethers and would observe the behaviour of people. Madame Straus was Marcel’s mother’s friend, and so she had no problems with Marcel attending her private parties. These visits proved fruitful as Marcel treated the people at these parties as character subjects who would later serve as sources of inspiration in Marcel’s short stories. In 1896 at the age of 25, Marcel published ‘Pleasures and Days’ which was a collection of short stories he had written during his stint in the army. In 1897, French society and politics were split by the movement to liberate Jewish army officer Alfred Dreyfus who was unjustly imprisoned as a spy. 26 years old Marcel knew this was false and having a Jewish background, he decided to revolt against the government and fight for Dreyfus’ freedom. Marcel helped by assisting Dreyfus’ lawyer in organizing petitions asking for Dreyfus to be freed. Many of his friends warned him that his actions would lead to social banishment but Marcel defied the risk of ostracism courageously. This experience provided a sense of clarity and Marcel’s impression of the aristocratic society was shattered which became very visible in the short stories that he had written. Through these experiences Marcel was gradually evolving from an egotistical ignorant youngster to a mature prolific writer. TROUBLED ROAD TO SUCCESS Marcel led a very depressing childhood due to constant illness and asthma. However, he never gave up hope and continued to pursue literature. But, the early 1900s proved to be very difficult for Marcel personally. In February 1903 when Marcel was 32 years old, his brother, Robert Proust married and left the family home. Following Robert’s departure, his father died in November of the same year. This was very difficult for Marcel as he was the only person responsible for the family’s well being. However, things took a turn for the worse when Marcel’s beloved mother died in September 1905. Marcel’s emotional armour was smashed and his courage crushed. Marcel went into severe depression following Jeanne’s death. His health continued to deteriorate and Marcel knew that the only way he could get over his mother’s death was if he involved himself completely into the field of writing. A year later in 1906 35 years old Marcel went on to publish the translated version of Ruskin’s philosophies. The book was named ‘Sesame and Lilies’ and was well appreciated by the French masses. The critics lauded Marcel’s skill of translating the language and yet staying true to the philosophies of Ruskin. Marcel developed a hauntingly brooding personality after his mother’s death. In spite of the success of his translated works, he had forgotten what it meant to smile. The loss of his loved ones had left him grief stricken and alone but financially independent to attempt his novel. The year 1908 was a pivotal year for Marcel as a writer. He published his views and ideologies and imitations of other writers in various journals. Imitating other writers’ works helped Marcel in solidifying his own style. Inspired, Marcel began penning a novel which he thought would be his best work. He was unable to rest or sleep as he would spend entire days writing the novel. He wanted to get over his personal loss and so writing became a sort of drug for Marcel. This obsession resulted in a novel which focused on a protagonist who has a problem sleeping as he remembers waiting as a child for his mother to come to him in the morning. The story was obviously based on Marcel’s own feeling of depression caused due to his mother’s loss. Upon finishing the novel, Marcel went to various publishers to have his book published but to no avail. Every publisher rejected his book stating that it was too morose and lacked substance. Tired of being rejected, he shifted his work to a substantially different project which also contained many of the same themes and elements. In 1909, at the age of 38 he began work on another novel titled ‘À la recherchà © du temps perdu’. Marcel decided to divide the novel into several volumes and published the first volume called ‘Swann’s Way’ in 1913. The first book focussed mainly on the theme of involuntary memory. After finishing the book, Marcel went to many publication houses to get his work published but was faced with rejection once again. He went to one of the most famous magazine companies in France at the time called New French Review (NRF). Famous author Andre Gide was given the book to proof read to advise NRF on its publication. However, after going through a seemingly endless collection of depressing memories and melancholic episodes, Gide came across a few syntactic mistakes and decided to reject it. Not losing hope, Marcel managed to meet with another publisher called Grasset and eventually got his book published. The novel became a bestseller and it compelled Marcel to begin writing its respective sequels. While writing the second volume titled ‘In the Shadow of Young Girls in Flower’ in 1913, Marcel faced a lot of problems due to the First World War. Marcel’s publisher, Grasset closed down his publication firm and joined the military. Marcel then decided to go to another publisher and got his novel published in 1914. The novel was such a huge success that Marcel was awarded the ‘Prix Goncourt’ award in 1919 at the age of 48. FINAL YEARS In 1920, 49 years old Marcel developed a strange illness which could not be detected by most of the top doctors at the time. The sickness slowed down his work but Marcel continued to write the third and fourth book in the series titled ‘The Guermantes Way’ and ‘Sodom and Gomorrah’. Marcel finished both the books by 1921 and managed to get them published a few weeks before his 50th birthday. Success followed Marcel like wildfire. His name was everywhere in the media and he had become a literary figure in the eyes of the French masses. Soon, other European countries got hold of his books and Marcel soon became an iconic figure in Literature all over the world. Marcel’s books were published in French, English, Italian and other languages. Even though success embraced Marcel in his 50s, he continued to live in misery and illness. Marcel cared less about fame and more about his contribution to French literature. He confided in his estranged brother Robert and told him to finish and publish his work if he were to die. Robert saw the condition Marcel was in and could not help but feel sorry for him. After all, Marcel was his brother and agreed to help him. Marcel spent the entire year of 1922 confined to his cork-lined bedroom. He slept during the day and worked at night to complete the fifth book in his series titled ‘The Prisoner’. On 18th November 1922, Marcel finally succumbed to this mysterious illness at the age of 51. He was buried by his brother in the Pà ¨re Lachaise Cemetary in Paris. TRIBUTE After Marcel’s death, the remaining volumes of his novel which he had written but not completely revised were published by his brother Robert. Robert took the help of Jacques Riviere and Jean Paulhan who were the directors of New French Review. The books published were ‘The Prisoner’ in the year 1923, ‘The Fugitive’ in the year 1925 and ‘Time Regained’ in the year 1927. The merit of Marcel’s novel was that its brilliance was perceived as being one of the major literary works of the Western canon. Legendary playwright and literary critic Graham Greene called Marcel the greatest novelist of the 20th century. Today the book is being read by billions all over the world. Famous publishing company ‘Penguin’ undertook a fresh translation in 1995 based on the latest and authoritative French text. Marcel’s projection of snobbism, vanity and cruelty in his novels were a mere reflection of his own personal experiences. His insight into women and the love men have for women remain unimpaired. Today, Marcel is considered to be one of the greatest novelists of Romance. The entire climate of the 20th century was affected by his series of books which collectively came under the title of ‘In Search of Lost Time’. His books are considered to be supreme achievements of modern fiction. Marcel’s style is considered to be one of the most original in all literature till date and is unique in its union of precision, force, enchantment classicism and symbolism. There is no doubt that Marcel Proust is and will always remain as one of the greatest legends in the field of literature the world has ever seen.

Time Capsule :: essays research papers

I would choose â€Å"A Rose For Emily† by William Faulkner and â€Å"Shiloh† by Bobbie Ann Mason to be put in a time capsule to be unearthed 100 years from now. Because â€Å"A Rose For Emily† was written in 1930, and â€Å"Shiloh† was written in 1982, I think that considering the two stories side by side would provide an interesting contrast between lifestyles of the early and late 20th century. By comparing setting and characterization in these two stories, people 100 years from now could get a feel for some of the things that have changed during the course of the 20th century and some of the things that have not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"Shiloh† are both set in the South, and both take place during times of change. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† the Grierson house was located on what had once been the â€Å"most select street† (80) but as the town changed the house had become crowded by â€Å"garages and cotton gins† (80). During the course of the story, the town of Jefferson gets its sidewalks paved, and free postal delivery is made available to all the residents. Emily, who â€Å"alone refused to let them fasten the metal numbers above her door,† (85) for the purpose of postal delivery, also refused to acknowledge the passage of time in any other way. The character of Leroy in â€Å"Shiloh† is much the same as Emily in that he fears and dislikes the changes brought by the passage of time. In the story â€Å"Shiloh,† Leroy notices with uneasiness that â€Å"subdivisions are spreading across western Kentucky li ke and oil slick† (69) and that â€Å"the farmers who used to gather around the courthouse square on Saturday afternoons to play checkers and spit tobacco juice have gone† (69). The â€Å"grand and complicated† (70) houses of the new subdivisions depress Leroy, and his wife Norma Jean thinks that the log house Leroy longs to build would be â€Å"inappropriate here in the new subdivisions† (70).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It would be interesting for people 100 years from now to compare the characters of Emily Grierson, Homer Baron, Leroy Moffitt, and Norma Jean Moffitt, and also it would also be interesting for them to compare the relationships between the two couples. Emily, who in some respects was a typical woman of her day, was dominated by the wishes of her father as a young woman, and later her treatment at the hands of Homer Baron became the main issue of her life.

The Broad Communications

The broad communications as methods of correspondence produces messages which are intended to achieve countless with the objective of expanding a benefit (as refered to in Thompson and Heinberg, 1999). Because of the mass medias tremendous expansion all through society, Willinge, Touyz and Charles (2006), contend that it is likely the absolute most capable and compelling transmitter of the admired self-perception for females. In the past pictures of magnificence and gentility were generally depicted using craftsmanship, music and writing. However the media and its impact have radically changed and developed from that point forward, and it is the present print and electronic media that have gone under much feedback for their portrayal of the glorified self-perception (Thompson and Heinberg, 1999). Johnson, Tobin and Steinberg (1989) express that the thin perfect self-perception which is depicted in the media is normally 15% underneath the normal weight of a ladies (as refered to in Hawkins, Richards, MacGranley and Stein, 2004). While Wiseman, Gray, Mosimann and Ahrens (1992) express that while the normal American ladies is in actuality getting heavier, the media pictures of ladies are to be sure getting more slender (as refered to in Cory and Burns, 2007). Thompson and Heinberg (1999) keep on adding to this contention. They express that lone 10% of ladies depicted on TV are overweight. This isn't a genuine portrayal of our general public today. Willinge et al (2006) states that 75% of individuals met trusted that the media advances slimness as a perfect to endeavor towards for ladies. Hawkins et al (2004) concur with these announcements and contend that while the media picture of ladies ends up more slender it is making the perfect body significantly more hard to accomplish and is making included weight ladies. Gordon (2008) keeps on noticing the media offer little decent variety in the depiction of ladies. In a report completed by Dove healthy skin about ‘genuine' ladies' demeanor towards the pictures appeared in the media, 75% of ladies expressed that they might want to see greater decent variety of ladies in the media. This included ladies of various shape, size and age (Etcoff, Orbach, Scott and D'Agostino, 2004). In later years the size zero pattern has been underlined and supported in numerous parts of Western culture. Willinge et al. (2006) states that females are urged to endeavor towards this picture, in spite of the fact that this perfect is at last extraordinary and hazardous and unattainable for most. Berel and Irving (1998) expressed in a report that female understudies revealed that the media connected the most weight on the possibility of slimness than some other source (as refered to in Robles, 2011). While Bedford and Johnson (2006) express that more youthful ladies are frequently more delicate to the multidimensional idea of the media and subsequently this regularly brings about diminished levels of control levels. McKinley and Hyde (1996) report that the media portray men and ladies in various structures which may add to the sexual externalization as talked about already. All through the media pictures that speak to men by and large focus all over and head, while pictures speaking to ladies tend to center around their body. McKinley and Hyde (1996) contend this is unmistakable all through every visual type of media, specifically music recordings, commercial and ladies' magazines. This accentuation on the thin romanticized self-perception frequently builds the sentiment sexual typification. They assert that proceeded with presentation to these pictures brings about numerous ladies wanting to change their appearance trying to ‘fit in'. Bessenoff (2006) claims that nonstop presentation to these pictures of the thin admired body in the media can have numerous negative consequences for ladies including; a reduction in selfesteem, melancholy and dietary problems. While McKinley and Hyde (1996) remark that one of the most noticeably bad impacts that rehashed introduction to the media can have on ladies is that of self externalization, that will be that ladies start to regard themselves as a body that is there for evalution. McKinley and Hyde (1996) concur with the conclusion from Bessenoff (2006) and keep on stating that this thus prompts a lessening in confidence and discouragement and most pessimistic scenario dietary problems.

Growing Up by Russell Baker essays

Growing Up by Russell Baker essays Russell Bakers Growing Up is an educational book filled with various information that I have previously studied. The rest of this essay connects Bakers life to the information we have studied in class about the 1920s, The Depression, and World War 2. The above three are the three most important topics that shaped and made the modern present America. Russell Baker was born in 1925 and still lives today. His has a unique style of writing which charms his readers and which makes him so attractive to so many of his fans. He received his first Pulitzer Prize in 1979 for his "Observer" column and Growing Up was his second. The general summary of this book would be that Baker talks about him and his family and their struggles faced during the Depression, World War 2 and other things. Many bad things happened because of the Depression for Baker. Bakers mother, Elizabeth, lost her boyfriend Oluf, along with the depression. At first he was determined to find a job and marry Elizabeth; as the time went on, Oluf couldnt find a job and told Elizabeth to forget about him. The Great Depression lasted from October 24, 1929 until the economic recovery of the 1940s. On October 29, Black Thursday, the stock market crashed heavily, and continued to fall sharply throughout the coming weeks. As a result, the United States and the world were thrown into a decade of poverty and unemployment. The depression affected all sectors of the economy. Farm owners and agricultural workers suffered from falling crop prices. Businesses failed from a lack of investment support and a decline in the ability of the masses to afford their products. Banks closed their doors as the nation's citizens hoarded their money and defaulted on loan payments. Unemployment and hopeless poverty e nveloped the nation. When Russells mother, Elizabeth, had become sixteen, she joined her 1913 high school debate, arguing the case ...

ITCs cigarette Business Essay Example

ITCs cigarette Business Essay Example ITCs cigarette Business Essay ITCs cigarette Business Essay High incidence of taxation continuously has been a deterrent to ITCs cigarette Business. Taxes amount to over 80% of the value added in the cigarette industry, hence making cigarettes increasingly unaffordable to the Indian tobacco consumer. There are about 200 million tobacco consumers in India, and of them, fewer than 14% can afford cigarettes, although cigarettes contributes 90% of total Central and State revenues generated from tobacco sector. Non-cigarette forms of tobacco consumption, constituting nearly 85% of tobacco consumption in the country, contribute barely 10% of Government revenues because of the difficulty of tax collection and the low tax yields that characterize this largely unorganized sector. There has been a prolonged punitive and discriminatory taxation regime at Central and State levels have made cigarettes unaffordable to the majority of tobacco consumers. Also, Non-cigarette forms of tobacco products are largely produced in the unorganized sector characterized by lower rates of tax and ineffective enforcement. As a result, there is a growing migration to lower value forms of tobacco consumption. Just to illustrate, in 2003, the effective excise duty on most tobacco products other than cigarettes is equivalent to about 12% of the net value of the product whereas on cigarettes this component is as high as 140%. Moreover in 2003, VAT was introduced on cigarettes already subject to a plethora of taxes. The export prospects were affected by the uncertainty and diminished market presence caused by the crop holidays in Andhra Pradesh. As a result, the export attractiveness of Indian tobaccos is caught up in a vicious cycle to the growing detriment of the tobacco farmers. Also, small base of domestic cigarette consumption discourages investment in RD and quality enhancement of tobacco varieties thereby sub-optimizing the export potential of tobacco. There was also threat from contraband trade of cigarettes aided with loopholes in the regulatory framework and lack of effective enforcement. In 2004-05, severe restrictions were imposed on the cigarettes industry with respect to advertisement, sale and consumption of tobacco products with the implementation of the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade, Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribution) Act, 2003 (COTPA). All these in totality made cigarette business less profitable and more challenging. As a result, ITC started diversifying into multiple businesses. While exploring new opportunities, for long term growth, ITC depended on its multiple strengths synergies that it could bring about from its existing businesses. We discuss few of such businesses in detail in the following sections. The mill at Bhadrachalam produces 240,000 TPY of papers and boards and has three board machines and two smaller paper machines. The mill produces paperboards for the packaging and graphics segments with a product range that includes Cyber XLPac (folding box boards), Pearl/Saphire Graphik (solid bleached boards) high value boards and the Ecoviron range of recycled boards. It also makes liquid packaging boards for Tetrapak in India. One of the big innovations at this mill has been the commissioning of an Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) fibre line. This is a state-of-the-art line which meets the effluent norms set by the Ministry of Environment and Forests of the Government of India and thus ties in with the Environment theme in its Triple Bottomline. The Tribeni Tissues unit was initially part of the Wiggins Teape Company, UK from 1961 to 1988. In 1992, it merged with ITC Ltd. The mill and its paper machines were refurbished with the latest technology. It has a capacity of 33,000 TPY with a product range that includes cigarette tissues, fine papers, packaging papers and specialties. The range from papers produced is quite diverse including Cigarette Tissues and Components, Laminating Base Tissue, Acid-Free and Anti-Rust Tissues, Low Grammage Printing Papers, Di cor Papers to Insulation Grade and Medical Grade Papers. The unit is ISO 9001:2000 version and ISO 14001 accredited. ITC has another paperboard facility at Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu which was acquired from BILT Industrial Packaging Company in 2004. This mill manufactures Coated Duplex boards Greyback and Whiteback made with 100% recycled materials and has a single board machine with 90,000 TPY of capacity. The products are continuously monitored for quality using a Siemens DCS system and Measurex QCS system. Quality as in other ITC units is a big focus and the mill has continuously demonstrated quality having achieved ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 certifications. The delivery of rolls and sheets is ensured by a modern Finishing House with short turnaround times. Eco Naturo and Eco Naturo-HS are the two grades of Coated Duplex Grey Back board made from this unit. For almost the first time in India, a customer has the option to buy a higher bulk and stiffness of Greyback Board (GD2 grade) for his carton requirements. The unit at Bollarum near Hyderabad produces 5000 TPY of Cast Coated Papers and Boards, 10,000 TPY of Poly Extrusion coated boards and 10000 TPY of C2S art boards and Ivory cards. It is the market leader in South Asia in carton boards and ranks second in turnover within the Indian paper industry. Most leading Fast Moving Consumer Goods Brands in India use paperboard manufactured at this location. Exports constitute about 20% of sales and cater to international markets in Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Iran, Australia, UAE, Turkey, China, Singapore, UK, Greece, Germany and USA. The unit is ISO 9001:2000 series accredited.

The Effect of Lobbying on Public Opinion Research Paper - 1

The Effect of Lobbying on Public Opinion - Research Paper Example A big extent is the use of the right public relations tools to inform and more crucially, shape opinion. It involves influencing the public process of debates, discussions, and consultations in order to have good or favorable public opinion. In today's modern society, there is widespread use of lobbyists who are either volunteers or some people paid to speak on one's behalf as an advocate. In this regard, part of lobbying is the intent of influencing the legislative process by having favorable laws enacted in relation to a persons or groups special interests. Before a bill becomes a law, drafts are passed around with their justifications and aimed to judge a public reaction (OECD, 2009, p. 160). The public process – lobbyists are required to meet legislators several times. In some cases, lobbying brings about good results as it raises public awareness of certain issues. A good example is recent laws regarding the prevalence and dangers of school bullying which had not been noticed before until some students committed suicides due to bullying. In this instance, the parents are now re-assured their kids are safe at school because of the advocacy or lobbying by a parent of a bullying victim to introduce new laws or to persuade a legislator to vote in a certain way to approve the proposed bill against school bullying (Walston-Dunham, 2008, p. 63). On the other hand, the legislator has gotten a good idea of how public opinion stands on certain issues as relayed to him or her by the lobbyist or advocacy groups.  

LET'S HEAR IT FOR THE B PLAYERS - ARTICLE REVIEW

LET'S HEAR IT FOR THE B PLAYERS - REVIEW - Article Example This group does not outshine everyone in the company’s line of duty but packs tremendous knowledge, experience, and ability for saving a company’s future from crises and other performance-based issues. The B Players are not made and neither can they be destroyed. These Players exist in three levels: former A Players, Truth Tellers, and Go-to-Managers. As former A Players, these have the experience and toughness to outshine all the players within the company but they choose to move from the spotlight. As truth tellers, they identify the number of issues that face the company and project it to the authorities capable of strategizing factors to pull the company from financial or performance deficits. As Go-to-Manages, B Players are faced with consultation duties related to the company’s operations and norms. When a company finds itself in performance or financial turmoil, the B Players structure the entity for consultation as their knowledge and experience with comp any process makes them an asset to the company. Managers are provided with a manual-style approach on how to nurture B Players. In a company, most employees are faced with the urge to become top players but their ambitions may pay off or fail, therefore, breaking their morale. However, for B Players, management is urged to accept differences, give the gift of time, hand out the prizes, and give choices. Data Analysis and Opinion: Different players within a company have different goals and mission about their careers and purposes at the company. The business world functions on a 24/7 basis and incorporates players with varying ambitions. A Players are more concerned on how to work their way to the top – their mission is to find out what is good for ‘brand me’. B Players on the other hand, focus their potential for what is good for the company. With this variance, it has been noted that, companies do not, in most cases recognize the efforts or the role of B Players . For example, a company will always give incentives and bonuses to those employees that perform beyond the expectations of many. This is the reason some companies have the employee-of-the-year awards. This awarding system is a way of recognizing talent or skill but also a way of isolating other important players within the company. In this case, if it were the will of every employee to work towards nourishing individual talent and skills, companies would have no one concerned about their long term performances. Various people work for varying reasons; some work to be promoted, some need good pay, and others need to be managers. However, when it comes to the myth that everyone is equal or similar to the other, a line is drawn. Leaders within a company always assume that all people want the same things – money, power, and status – out of their organizations. However, evidence shows that some people are more focused on influencing others in their jobs. For those not worr ied about individual performance or excellence are considered B players – their duty is to influence change on a company-wide scope. However, while this is the fact, management in different companies tends to overlook the importance and purpose of being a B Player. B Players are not different from A Players because they possess the same or even higher level of intelligence. Achievement has been identified as a blend of personality, intelligence, and

Persuation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Persuation - Essay Example Failure to be out the game voluntarily and apologize to fellow teammates, I will have no choice but to report Joseph to the coach. Joseph violated a major rule. The captains explicitly relayed the rules to the team members before the season begun and made it clear that it was vital for them to follow the rules. The team further agreed that drinking would lead to a one game suspension. Joseph, as a teammate, agreed to this policy. Therefore, there is no excuse for what Joseph did as he was aware of the consequences and the team’s goal. Joseph is my best friend. Therefore, he should respect my decision. He knows very well how dedicated I am to the team and winning the national championship. Moreover, he knows my work ethics and the importance of following the rules. I did not expect this from him as he is supposed to set a good example for the team. On my part, as the captain, associating with people who break rules and being lenient on them will not be setting a good example. Alcohol has many effects on a person. The dehydration and lack of energy, in particular, will affect Joseph. The team is on the verge of playing the biggest game of the season against the biggest rivals. Therefore, the training is intensive so that the team can succeed in beating the rivals. Dehydration and lack of energy will prevent Joseph from training as hard as he should. Thus, he should really consider the possibility of a poor performance. If I do not punish Joseph, the team might find out about the drinking and get angry, as it will be favoritism. The anger will affect the team’s performance, as there will be no coordination. Moreover, the other members will feel like their drinking and breaking other rules is justified. They will not expect a punishment if they broke any of the rules. If the coach was to find out that Joseph went out drinking and refused to sit out the game, he might actually kick him out of the team. The coach

Soil and Water Protection Essay Example for Free

Soil and Water Protection Essay Soil contamination or soil pollution is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. It is typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals, or improper disposal of waste. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (such as naphthalene and benzo (a) pyrene), solvents, pesticides, lead, and other heavy metals. Contamination is correlated with the degree of industrialization and intensity of chemical usage. The concern over soil contamination stems primarily from health risks, from direct contact with the contaminated soil, vapors from the contaminants, and from secondary contamination of water supplies within and underlying the soil. The main threats to soils are: extension of urbanization, acidification, accumulation of pollutants, nitrate in groundwater, loss of organic matter and deteriorating soil structure, soil compaction, and erosion. The latter is especially important in southern EC countries. Differences in the approaches adopted by different countries reflect differences in the nature and perceived seriousness of soil problems and the nature of the legislatory system. In particular, differences in the approaches of the Netherlands and the UK are discussed. The concept of ‘soil quality’ is discussed in relation to these two approaches. Suggestions are given for an ecologically based soil protection policy. This paper discusses current soil protection policies and their development in the EC, and the evolution of the associated concept of ‘soil quality’. It does not deal in any detail with the restoration of soils which have been degraded by the inadequacy of past policies or their implementation. Emphasis is given to northern EC countries because they have been especially active in the development of policies which protect land and soils. Some soil degradation processes are natural phenomena but they are exacerbated by all kinds of unsustainable human uses. Let us consider the main soil degradation processes in the European Union. Erosion: Water erosion affects 115 million hectares (ha) of soil, and wind erosion 42 million ha. The Mediterranean region is the most affected, but there is clear evidence that other parts of the 25 Member States (EU-25) also suffer significantly from this phenomenon. It is made worse by inappropriate farming techniques. Organic matter decline: Some 45% of soils in Europe have low or very low organic matter content. This is the case in particular in the South of Europe, but also in parts of France, the United Kingdom, Germany and Sweden. Organic matter is both an important soil constituent and the main source of food and energy for soil organisms. It is therefore of the basis for soil fertility. It also plays a crucial role in the structure of soil. Soil organisms feed on organic matter. Organic matter decline therefore leads to loss of soil biodiversity. Again, inappropriate agricultural practices accelerate this decline. Compaction: This is deterioration of the soil structure by mechanical pressure. It is made worse by excessive stocking rates (the density of animals grazing in a given surface) and the inappropriate use of heavy machinery. Salinisation: There is build-up of salt in some 3. 8 million ha of Europe’s soils. The regions most affected are Campania in Italy, the Ebro Valley in Spain, and the Great Alfold in Hungary. Stalinization is made worse by inappropriate irrigation and changes in vegetation. Landslides: Landslides occur most frequently in areas with highly erodible soils, clayey sub-soil, steep slopes, intense and abundant precipitation and land abandonment, such as in the Alpine and Mediterranean regions. To date, there is no data on the total area affected in the EU. Although they are natural phenomena, they are made worse by certain human activities. Landslides represent an increasing threat due to population growth, summer and winter tourism, and intensive land use. Contamination: Earlier industrialization and poor management practices have left a legacy of thousands of contaminated sites in Europe. There are an estimated 3. 5 million potentially contaminated sites in the whole of the Union, of which about 0. 5 million are expected to be actually contaminated and in need of remediation. Contaminants may accumulate to such an extent that they hamper soil functions. They may pollute groundwater and surface water and thus threaten drinking water supplies and aquatic ecosystems. Sealing: The permanent covering of soil (e. g. with roads or concrete) is the only intentional threat to soil. It affects 9% of the area of the EU and is made worse by urban and industrial sprawl and transport networks. It disrupts gas, water and energy flows and leads to irreversible loss of fertile soil. Several of these threats are exacerbated by the effects of climate change, which causes increases in temperature and extreme weather events. If some of these threats are combined, they may ultimately lead to desertification, which is mainly the result of different soil degradation processes partially associated with arid or sub-arid climatic conditions. The costs of soil degradation in the European Union are estimated at some â‚ ¬38 billion each year.

Walmarts Products, Services and Hiring Processes

Walmarts Products, Services and Hiring Processes The company was founded in 1945 and is based in Bentonville, Arkansas. It is a publicly traded company on the NYSE. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. operates retail stores in various formats worldwide. The companys Walmart U.S. segment offers meat, produce, deli, bakery, dairy, frozen foods, floral, and dry grocery; health and beauty aids, household chemicals, paper goods, and pet supplies; electronics, toys, cameras and supplies, photo processing services, cellular phones, cellular service plan contracts, and prepaid service; fabrics and crafts, stationery and books, automotive accessories, hardware and paint, horticulture and accessories, sporting goods, outdoor entertaining, and seasonal merchandise; apparel, shoes, and jewelry; pharmacy and optical services; and home furnishings, housewares, and small appliances through discount stores, supercenters, and neighborhood markets, as well as through walmart.com. Its International segment includes various formats of retail stores and restaurants, including supermarkets, combination discount and grocery stores, supercenters, Sams Clubs, hypermarkets, cash-n-carry stores, department stores, and general merchandise stores. The companys Sams Club segment offers merchandise, including hard goods, soft goods, and selected private-label items under the MEMBERS MARK, BAKERS CHEFS, and SAMS CLUB brands through warehouse membership clubs in the United States, as well as through samsclub.com. As of January 31, 2010, it operated 803 discount stores, 2,747 supercenters, 158 neighborhood markets, and 596 Sams Clubs in the United States; 43 units in Argentina, 434 in Brazil, 317 in Canada, 252 in Chile, 170 in Costa Rica, 77 in El Salvador, 164 in Guatemala, 53 in Honduras, 1 in India, 371 in Japan, 1,469 in Mexico, 55 in Nicaragua, 56 in Puerto Rico, and 371 in the United Kingdom, as well as 279 stores in the Peoples Republic of China. In 2010 it was the worlds largest public corporation by revenue, according to the Forbes Global 2000 f or that year. PRODUCTS AND SERVICES 681 stores across the United States offering convenient low prices that customers seem to love. Each store features wide aisles and fully stacked shelves stocked with variety of reasonable priced items including: Health and beauty aids Electronics Jewelry Toys Family apparel Hardware Sporting goods Automotive Home furnishings Pet supplies House ware Lawn and garden items super centers meet the needs and demands for convenient family shopping at low prices. Super center groceries include: Frozen foods Deli foods Beverages Fresh produce Canned and packaged goods Meat and dairy products Bakery goods Household supplies Condiments Dry goods and staples Some of the super centers have specialty shops such as: Tire Lube Express Vision centers Portrait studio Pharmacy Brand name restaurants Photo center Health clinic Hair salon Employment Agency Bank Neighborhood Markets offer a quick and convenient way for customers to shop who need groceries, pharmaceuticals, and general merchandise all at their famous everyday low prices. This wide variety of products including: Fresh produce Meat and Dairy products Frozen foods Dry goods and staples Health and Beauty aids Deli foods Bakery Items Canned and packaged goods Condiments and spices Pet supplies Stationery and paper goods Drive through pharmacy Household supplies One hour photo center C. Products and Services initiatives that require HR support Wal-Mart global sourcing stays committed to providing and developing local talent for the purchasing of merchandise for all Wal-Mart retail operations. D. Brief Walmart structure Wal-Mart is one of the largest stores in the United States. It operates many different stores all around the world. It operates supercenters, discount stores, Sams club, and neighborhood markets. Wal-Mart operates in countries all over the world such as: Brazil, Argentina, China, Canada, Guatemala, Japan, Mexico, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, United Kingdom and Puerto Rico. Wal-marts operations are subject to different laws, cultures, and customs. There are laws and regulation around the world that affects Wal-Mart each year, therefore the statement of ethics must be modified to match the changes in these laws and customs. Wal-Mart uses an organizational theory whereas the company utilizes its resources effectively increasing productivity. The company has been a leader in the category over any other company around. Wal-Mart uses a decentralized structure which leads to improved performance for the company. There are many ways that make Wal-Mart different from the othe r companies such as technology, innovation, and cost leadership. E. Organizational structure initiatives requiring H.R. support H.R. does not support the organizational structure alone. Developing careers and management the companies are involving all their employees. This was brought about because of the stiff competition in the retail sectors. New ways are a must for companies who are going to incorporate job enrichment. Wal-Mart has an orientation program that involves retention practices for their employees. When an employee starts their employment with Wal-Mart, they are taken through the recruitment process, which shows them what their new job position is. This also teaches the employee about the companys organizational structure, and about the Wal-Mart history. The employees are informed that the same warm welcome that is extended to the consumers when entering Wal-Mart goes the same for them when they report for work. The whole idea is to keep your employees once an organization has invested in them. Treat your employees well and they will feel a greater need to remain within the company. The employees at Wal-Mart are offered training and development programs, and this is considered as part of their regular work environment. The companys objective is to train and develop their employees to be prepared with the necessary skills, if chosen to climb the corporate latter as a well-trained employee leader. Wal-Mart came up the Leaders out In Front this means that the managers within the 4 manager areas will be responsible for training. This also gives them a chance to improve themselves for their own advancement goals. This will help improve the employees performance and according to the organization, the assistant managers are the ones who will be responsible for this training Another training program established by Wal-Mart uses a training program which is the store learning program that virtual classrooms that in certain selected stores employees learn what the most effective methods of delivery service. Wal-Mart employees develop their careers through skill assessments. The company uses an Associate Investment model where supervisors evaluate employee competencies, and allows the assessment of the evaluation process. If the evaluation was conducted incorrect or inaccurate, the company can detect it and makes their employees more prepared for future assessments. (King, 2006) The company goes through a career assessment and development process, which is known as the Phase one, the informative phase, which involves on boarding so that the company can ascertain whether their employees know all the skills and knowledge required to perform their job functions. In the fundamental track phase, the company conducts performance management, which assists their employees in the process of understanding their responsibilities, and is also tailored to create a good foundation for employees as perform their duties. The third phase for the employees is the advanced track phase. Associates are taught how to plan their careers. The company assures that their employees go through all the progressive steps required to advance to different positions within the company. Associates are required to evaluate their own performance, training and skills, so that they can maintain some kind of idea where they stand in their company. Wal-Mart employees while in this program are provided training for example on how to write resumes, conduct interviews, plan their careers and seek for job opportunities within the company. Many Wal-Mart employees have undergone these training programs where they have learned what it is to be part of the Wal-Mart family. The top managers understand the importance of developing well trained employees within the company. They feel very strongly on retaining their employees that have been through their training programs. (Marquez, 2005) The companys HR stated that the companys success is because of the dedication and time that is put into evaluating whether the best qualified employee has pursued the opportunities that the company offers. They are going to start working on obtaining information from their employees, to see what it is that the employee may want to pursue in his career with the company. Once this is accomplished, then the company can offer that specific training for that area, dept. or location. Because of employee concerns, Wal-Mart decided to come up with a plan that would will not only open up communication between management and staff, but would very much strengthen relations between them. This would be a great approach in this company. HR has been striving to improve employee practices. HR in improving career practices, decided to place an HR executive in charge of several stores instead of being placed in one store. This way the services can be better coordinated throughout the country. (Wal-Mart, 2008) Wal-Mart has also implemented a way to help their HR employees, by forming a five member team who has legal backgrounds and experience in HR. This team can offer assistance and provide advice to the managers when needed. This assistance for the managers, allows the managers more time to concentrate on their staff, because this helps to reduce their workloads in dealing and handling staff, and staff can concentrate on their jobs. (Wal-Mart, 2005) F. Organizational Markets/Methods of Organizational Marketing Wal-Mart marketing methods includes: offering items from the internet, adds in the newspaper, and commercial advertisement. This method of marketing keeps Wal-Mart customers coming back for more deals and low priced needed items. H.R. also plays a huge part in marketing for Wal-Mart by hiring and screening the right individuals to help with the marketing. Its very important to make sure the right people are on board so that Wal-Mart can market and sell their products. G. ORGANIZATIONAL, MARKETS/METHODS OF ORGANIZATIONAL MARKETING REQUIRING H.R. SUPPORT V. H.R. DEVELOPMENT SERVICES: NOW DOING AND NEED TO ADD: (15 PAGES) A. Organizational Core Competencies Wal-Mart is well aware that strategy for business expansion is the most important strategy that makes the company as big as it is today. Wal-Mart has managed to go from one single store to thousands of stores and supermarkets, all across the world. Wal-Mart has more growing plans which includes: a regional and international expansion. Putting these plans into place, the location would have to be one of the basic components for the plans. Location is important for a company like Wal-Mart, and other factors are involved also such as: distance and cost. One good characteristic that helps in determining the location is positioning the store next to a distribution center. By choosing the location near the distribution center will cut down on shipping time and gas expense for the truck. Wal-Mart also tries to locate the store around the community. By placing it around the community, makes it convenient for customers to shop by saving their time of driving. The next best thing that Wal-Mart keeps in mind when picking a location is the parking lot. Wal-Mart always tries to make sure parking lots have enough space and that customers are able to easily enter and exit. Wal-Marts expansion strategy must have a good plan put into place and with highly committed people and customers this can be made possible. Wal-Mart has competitive advantage over its competitors because of the following core competencies. As promised in its slogan Wal-Mart has been providing products at lower prices, it is possible due to the low cost operations. Wal-Mart share the value of low cost with customers by selling the products at lower prices. Hard working, efficient and process oriented employees have been working with Wal-Mart. Better use of technology to directly connect with supplier and partners. Implemented Just-in-time inventory process to reduce the cost of managing inventory at Warehouses In summary. Wal-Mart core competencies are employees, cost efficient processes and relationship with supplier and partners by using technology. B. Strategic Planning for Organization and H.R. involvement Wal-Mart Strategy Strategic planning for Wal-Mart involves differentiating its organization from its competitors in a way that is sustainable in the future. Wal-Mart plans to continue to strive hard to make their organization unique, distinctive and identify key success factors that will drive the customers to continue to buy their products. H.R. can make this possible by being a key player who has the drive and skills to make this possible. Wal-Mart dominates the American retailing industry due to number of factors like its business model which is still a mystery and its effectiveness in not letting the rivals let know about the weaknesses. Wal-Mart made strategic attempts in the its formulation to dominate the retail market where it has its presence, growth by expansion in the US and Internationally, create widespread name recognition and customer satisfaction in relation to brand name Wal-Mart and branching into new sectors of retailing. It is learnt that Wal-Mart strives on three generic strategies consisting of Focus Strategy, the Differentiation Strategy and overall cost leadership. Managers strive hard to make their organizations unique, distinctive and identify key success factors that will drive the customers to buy their products.Thus, firm specific resources and capabilities are crucial in explaining the firms performance. The Resource Based View (RBV) explains competitive heterogeneity based on the premise that close competitors differ in their resources and capabilities in important and durable ways. The companys capability can be found through its functionality, reliable performance, like Wal-Mart superior logistics. (Helfat, 2002) Wal-Mart has firm infrastructure, well equipped in human resource with management professionals and technologically too. Any organizations thrive hard to be successful for which it needs to have better resources and superior capabilities. Wal-Mart has strong RBV with economically and financially very strong enough to stand still in the time of crisis. Pereira states that dominating the retail market is its key strategy. Wal-Mart operates on low price strategy which is operated as every day low prices (EDLP) which builds trust among the customers.(Brunn, 2006)The strategy lies in purchasing the goods at lower prices and selling the goods to customer at much lower prices, cutting the price as far as possible and increasing the profit by increasing the number of sales. This ferociously increases the competition in the market and Wal-Mart competes with all its competitors till it is dominant it the market. Wal-Mart is expanding seriously and rapidly which is also its strategic goal. Wal-Mart employs over 1.3 associates, owns over 4000 stores out of which 3000 are in US and serves around 100 million customers weekly. Wal-Mart has acquired many international stores and merged with some super stores like ASDA in UK. Wal-Mart far flung network of retail outlets has ensured that Wal-Mart interacts with and has impact on virtually every locality within US. (Helfat, 2002) The expanded strategy has led the hunger of Wal-Mart to many European Countries. It is learnt that three countries with no Wal-Mart stores became part of corporations international presence wherein the domestic retail chains were taken over by Wal-Mart including 122 Woolco stores in Canada, 21 Wertkauf stores in Germany and 229 ASDA units in United Kingdom. The takeover strategy by Wal-Mart keeps the company at forefront when entering into the new market and the number of competitors is also minimized. The strategies have he lped the Wal-Mart to rein in number one position in international countries making it the largest retailer in the world. It is seen that Wal-Mart has significantly the Porters five force model wherein through proper strategic planning and strategic implementation has led to removal of barrier entry, rivalry from competitors and pricing norms. In regard to substitutes, Wal-Mart in order to achieve its aim of customer satisfaction has selling goods under its own legal brand. Wal-Marts big box phenomenon has changed the retailing industry in the United States which is often considered as discount stores and makes profit through high volume of purchases and low markup on profits.(Parnell, 2008)Wal-Mart with its low cost and ever expanding strategy has made a dramatic impact since 1962 when Sam Walton first started his business. With this strategy, Wal-Mart has now over 4000 stores and outlets in US and other countries through acquisition and mergers. C. Hiring process and tools Walmart Hiring Process The Walmart process, depending on the position, is a fairly streamlined set of discrete events beginning with a standard application form fill, following through with a series of interviews, and culminating with an ultimate decision as to whether a candidate is the correct hire for Walmart. Along the way, a job candidate may be asked to perform any number of skills assessments or take a battery of tests to determine the applicants fitness for a job at Walmart. For a checker, the entire hiring process could unfold in a matter of days, while for more responsible management and executive positions, the hiring process could last any number of weeks or even months from the time of inception. Walmart Hiring Information Walmart Hiring Process The Walmart process, depending on the position, is a fairly streamlined set of discrete events beginning with a standard application form fill, following through with a series of interviews, and culminating with an ultimate decision as to whether a candidate is the correct hire for Walmart. Along the way, a job candidate may be asked to perform any number of skills assessments or take a battery of tests to determine the applicants fitness for a job at Walmart. For a checker, the entire hiring process could unfold in a matter of days, while for more responsible management and executive positions, the hiring process could last any number of weeks or even months from the time of inception. Walmart Hiring Information Where can you get information on which Walmart stores or office are hiring and for what positions? Job boards like Indeed.com aggregate postings from around the internet in an easily-searchable web interface that can prove invaluable to a job search whether for Walmart or any other corporation or entity. Other sources of Walmart hiring information can include personal LinkedIn network mining or even old-fashioned face-to-face business mixers that Walmart hiring managers might be likely to attend. If youve exhausted all these sources of hiring information for Walmart, then it could be time to just head down to your local outpost and inquire as to whether they have a local email list or job board that keeps potential applicants notified when postions become open. D. Organizational Development and Change initiatives (e.g. restructuring, policies and procedures, innovation and creativity, competitive strategies) E. Organizational Assessment Processes (eg., profit/loss evaluation, efficiency measures, market growth and decline, market share analysis, coordination and departmentalization) F. Human Capital Assessment Process (e.g., performance reviews, development plans, corrective action plans, needs assessment) G. Training, development and education programs: Management and Leadership Supervisory Team Building Sales and Marketing Customer Service Safety, Quality and Technical Career Mgt./Development programs H. Succession Planning I. Performance Management and Review Systems J. Re-structuring of the organizations or major departments K. Job enlargement, job enrichment L. Personal services: Payroll HRIS/HRM Compensation and Benefits and Pay for performance evidence M. Legal services: how provided N. Other services by function: financial budgets and control, bonus system, etc.

Heroes (my Parents) :: essays research papers

When one thinks of heroes, names such as Ghandi, Martin Luther King, and Mother Theresa often come to mind. These people had done a lot of favors, courage, helps, and more of things for the people who needed them. They have change the world. But, heroes can be in anyway, even in each of individuals in the world. I have the persons who I think is the best hero in my mind. They are my parents.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My parents are brave; they will do anything for my happiness. Not only mine, but also their friends, and families. My father has many friends, and he always helps them whenever they need them most. Without my parents, I probably will not survive. Heroes usually best described as selfless, brave, and often inspiring. A friend of my mother just heard a bad news from her family back in Indonesia, telling that her father has a cancer that already spread in his body. She has to go back and visit her father, but can't afford the plane ticket. My mom not hesitantly let her borrow her money for the ticket. During The May riot in Indonesia, everybody in my complex tried to run away since the natives were going to kill the Chinese. But, My father and couple of his friends ordered them to stay and fight back, and it worked. The natives ran when they saw a crowd of Chinese trying to kill them back. My parents are the most inspiring people for me. They taught me things that I need to know like drugs, and other important things. My father always inspired me to do the right things, to be strong, and be independent. I am sure that all parents that did a lot of things for their children are heroes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Heroes always change in our mind as we grow. As a child, we think Hercules, Xena, superheroes, imaginary friends, comics', and cartoons' heroes as the real heroes. As we grow older, our opinions keep changing from time to time.

History, Genocide, Social Intolerance and Bigotry Essay

Lessons of history have been correctly utilized in a sense that the eventualities and circumstances in the past served as a learning experience for a better future. History served as a reminder on how to uphold the positive undertakings and set aside those which only causes strife. On the other hand, it can be used incorrectly in such a way that oppressed people may tend to see their gloomy past as a reason to revolt and take up arms. Moreover, utilizing history as a predictive instrument has observable limitations in a sense that the eventualities in the past does not necessarily manifests in the future, although it may influence it. On the contrary, history basically serves as a reference point to which critical judgment and better analysis of certain circumstances in the present and the future could be applied. In relation to that, observing the massive killings happening around the world, like acts of genocide could be defined as a deliberate attempt of any group to eliminate and annihilate a certain ethnic group in a belief that cleansing a whole group will also abolish oppression and conflict. According to Gregory Stanton of Genocide Watch, there are actually stages that ultimately leads to genocide. The eight stages are as follows: Classification, or the stage wherein individuals start to cluster the people with the â€Å"us and them† method; Symbolization, where people practices labelling and name calling; Dehumanization, wherein certain groups perceive others not worthy to be considered human beings; Organization, or the establishment of a structured group like militias; Polarization, which divides the group apart because of the works of extremists; Preparation, or the drawing out of death lists and threats; Extermination, or the mass killings and ethnic cleansing stage; and Denial, wherein the perpetrators makes a lot of effort in covering up their inhumane acts and intimidates their witnesses (Stanton, 1996). Some acts of genocide is reported to have been institutionalized and sanctioned by the government like the Janjaweed militia of the Darfur crisis. These Janjaweed forces are believed to be supported by the government because it is through this powerful group that the oil from the Darfur region could be accessed since they threaten the people with acts of violence (Koerner, 2005). Having dominion over the oil industry in Darfur would allow economic growth and stability. For its political implication, the government continually supports the undertakings of the Janjaweeds because they continue to uphold the purpose of their creation which is to destroy the African tribes who were believed to be supporting insurgent groups against the government (Reeves, 2005). In line with that, a possible foundation of social intolerance resides in the people’s fear of the unknown wherein they are uncertain in accepting other people’s perspectives apart from theirs, fearing the implications it may have on them. Another basis of social intolerance and bigotry are the people’s lack of openness to communicate to other people and a feeling of superiority over individuals who are not â€Å"like† them or have similar ideologies. References Koerner, B. (2005). Who are the Janjaweed. Retrieved June 5, 2008, from http://www. slate. com/id/2104210/. Reeves, E. (2005). Genocide in Darfur-How the Horror Began. Retrieved June 5, 2008, from http://www. sudantribune. com/article. php3? id_article=11445. Stanton, G. (1996). The Eight Stages of Genocide. Retrieved June 5, 2008, from http://www. genocidewatch. org/8stages. htm.