Suitability of a First Secondary English Textbook

Introduction English language is considered a foreign language in the Kingdom of Saud Arabia (KSA). Learners are introduced to the English language using EFL teaching materials at the sixth grade in public schools and at kindergarten to students who attend private schools.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Suitability of a First Secondary English Textbook specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Teaching materials for EFL in the KSA are developed by the ministry of education. These materials are then distributed to schools and bookshops. According to Shawer (2010), inequity in EFL materials in the KSA is that teachers and learners are not involved in the development of learning materials. Curriculum developers are employees of the government who are solely involved in all the development stages of learning materials, namely textbooks, radio programmes, and television programmes. Lack of inclusion of teachers and l earners in the development of EFL teaching materials in the KSA has resulted in poor relations between teachers and the materials. Teachers cannot completely internalise the materials or fully integrate them into their teaching.  Shawer (2010) recommends that it is important to evaluate EFL teaching materials before adapting them into the teaching and learning system. To begin with, EFL teaching materials are developed without the input of the teachers and the learners who are the main consumers. As such, materials that are presented by the ministry of education lack inclusivity. It is also important to note that most of the teachers are not first speakers of English. The materials used by such teachers as guides and textbooks should be easily understandable. Secondly, most of the learners in the KSA take English as a second language. Such learners may have difficulties in reading and appreciating these textbooks. Therefore, evaluation will ensure that EFL textbooks appeal to thei r language levels. Based on this background information concerning EFL in the KSA, this paper uses ‘Traveler 1 Student’s Book’ by Malkogianni to gauge its suitability as the first English textbook to the KSA learners.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A TEFL in Saudi Arabia Educational policy for teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Educational policy for Teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in the Kingdom of Saud Arabia ensures regulation at all levels where EFL is taught. EFL was introduced in the Kingdom of Saud Arabia by the ministry of education in 1925. Shawer (2010) confirms that the ministry of education has the power to dictate that EFL be taught from grade six through to the university. Most of the subjects in the KSA schools are also taught in English language, thus making it an important language of instruction and evaluation. In addition, several immigrants from western and other countries of the world use English in their communication. This observation makes it important for learners to understand the English language. Interaction between the KSA and other nations in diplomacy, peace, trade, aviation, and research also makes English important. The curriculum of teaching English at the secondary level The ministry of education develops the current curriculum for TEFL in conjunction with the directorate of curriculum. The current TEFL curriculum was developed in 1999. As a policy, TEFL was aimed at meeting the need for language skills in speaking, listening, reading, and writing in the KSA. Learners of EFL were then supposed to communicate in English with all speakers of the language. The foundation of TEFL in Saudi Arabia was on two-policy documents, namely teaching English in Saudi Arabia 1408H of 1989 and 1421H of 2000.  The Saudi Policy of Education is responsible for enforcement of curriculum for TEF L. Teaching of foreign languages such as English in Saud Arabia is engraved in this policy document under Article No. 50. Under this article, one of the functions of education is to â€Å"furnish students with at least one of the living languages, in addition to their original language, to enable them acquire knowledge and sciences from other communities and to participate in the service of Islam and humanity† (Al-Hajailan, 2003, p. 23). This function implies that TEFL is an objective and policy that is undertaken by the government. Therefore, learners appreciate English as a language for interaction and cultural exchange both at the national and international level. The policy is also aimed at achieving national goals of transfer and acquisition of scientific, technological, and cultural knowledge under the spirit of Islam.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Suitability of a First Secondary English Textbook specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The EFL curriculum adapts an excellent instructional design assessment (WIDA) in evaluating learner’s skills in listening, speaking, writing, and reading. The EFL curriculum also dictates new students joining the system to take a compulsory test that indicates whether they need ESL and if so the level of their conception. Learners also take WIDA-ACCESS test at the end of every year as an indication of their suitability for the next level. According to Al-Kharabsheh, Al-Azzam, and Obeidat (2009), at level I, English as a second language begins by emphasising the basics of language and its structures. Learners are also taught the basic tenses and vocabularies at this level. This plan enables learners to write simple English statements and paragraphs. Learners should also be taught how to write a topic sentence and support it using simple details. Teachers also emphasise the capitalisation and use of punctuation marks. Learners are also introduced to simple discussions to aid in their listening and speaking skills. At this level, the curriculum directs that EFL have two lessons per day. At level II, learners of English as a second language are introduced to fiction and real stories. This content aids to gauge their ability to understand and discuss stories in English. Learners are also introduced to visual cues, references, inferences, and prediction in reading. Properly written and punctuated sentences are also taught at this level. Learners should write correct sentences while at the same time ensuring proper punctuation. Finally, learners at this level are taught how to write complex sentences and/or make paragraphs. Learners should also know how to differentiate general ideas from specific ideas. At level III, complex ideas are introduced. Shawer (2010) asserts that learners are supposed to not only read and understand complex issues but also discuss them. Learners are also taught how to write complex essays. Such essays should have varying themes and structures. Skills for research and complex writing are also introduced at this level. At level IV, the curriculum recommends teachers to emphasise learners’ skills in communicating in proper English. Teaching and assessment of advanced reading, listening, and writing are done at this level.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Al-Kharabsheh et al. (2009), the curriculum also recommends learners to be involved in journal writing where they should compose at least two journals every week. Such journals should have varying themes. Besides, they should portray comprehension of language and arguments. Development of vocabularies and observation of standards in English language are also emphasised and tested. Recent studies that evaluate the suitability of EFL syllabus Several recent studies have evaluated the suitableness of EFL syllabuses to learners in the KSA. Khafaji conducted one of such studies in 2004. Khafaji (2004) carried out an evaluation of English language teaching materials that are used in public secondary schools in the KSA. Under his evaluation, he explored the policies that guide TEFL in Saudi Arabia. In the analysis of his study, Khafaji (2004) realised that inaccessibility of learning materials for EFL in the KSA was an impediment to successful and motivating academic content a s recommended by the curriculum. Khafaji’s (2004) evaluation also realised that the use of audio-lingual method of teaching EFL was also a limitation to the teaching and learning of English language at this secondary school level. Another study by Alamri (2008) focused on the quality of English language textbook at the entry level, namely the sixth grade. The focal point of this assessment was on the superiority of English learning resources in instructing boys’ schools since they were brought in 2004. According to Alamri (2008), one of the foundations of EFL textbooks that form the basis for English learning in the KSA was analysed. The researcher deployed questionnaires to examine 93 English tongue tutors at the sixth grade and 11 administrators. This research was conducted in Riyadh Educational Zone in the KSA. In his findings, Alamri (2008) realised that teachers and supervisors favoured EFL textbooks, although they objected the adopted teaching methods. The study suggested the upgrading of such teaching materials. Finally, Habtoor (2012) carried out an evaluation to ascertain the quality of content that was contained in textbooks that were used in teaching English for specific purposes. Habtoor (2012) evaluated the substance of the textbooks that were utilised in teaching sophomore learners who were studying archaeology and tourism. The researcher evaluated the opinions of EFL teachers on the content of the textbook and its efficacy in teaching English language. According to Habtoor (2012), presentation of learning skills in relation to the learners’ needs and their study level was also evaluated. In this study, Habtoor (2012) realised that teachers recommended the textbook since it could meet the needs of the learners at that level. Discussion An introductory description of the textbook, context, and learners to whom it is designed ‘Traveler 1 Student’s Book’ by Malkogianni is a must-read textbook that is used for teaching English as a second language in the KSA. Malkogianni presents the fundamentals of English language. As a first secondary English textbook, the book is written in a simple language with simple vocabulary and sentence structure. The context of the English textbook for EFL is tailored towards the language level of the learners. O’Neill (2008) asserts that a textbook should have the basics of language and its structure. ‘Traveler 1 Student’s Book’ presents the readers with simple vocabularies that are commonly used in English. Malkogianni includes the structure of English tenses. He goes further to show how they are used in simple sentences and paragraphs. The textbook has a content that will enable learners at this level to use a topic sentence to write a simple paragraph with supporting details. In addition, the English textbook also introduces learners to punctuation, listening, and reading skills. These factors will meet the learners’ need s at this level. Students entering secondary schools in the KSA have very low comprehension of English language since it is introduced at a later age as a second language. Learners are not able to distinguish tenses, to punctuate sentences, and/or read well. As such, ‘Traveler 1 Student’s Book’ has been set to cater for these fundamentals of English language. The content of the syllabus for first secondary school entrants is appropriate for the psychological characteristics of the learners. Learners at this level are not ready for complex language structures and comprehension. Therefore, the syllabus is tailored to meet the language needs of these learners. The structure of the syllabus directs that learning at this level begin by being taught simple vocabularies, tenses, punctuation, and other basics of the English language. Teaching of the fundamentals first before introducing complex sentence structures ensures that learners are at home with the process for le arning. Introduction of simple to complex language structure ensures a procedural approach to the mental comprehension of learners.  In addition, individual differences in abilities, interest, and level of intelligence are also catered for in the EFL syllabus at this level. Learners are required to take examinations and assessment tests that indicate their language level. For example, new learners are required to take a test to guide teachers on whether the learner is acceptable in the class. In addition, at the end of every term, learners take examinations that indicate their learning ability. O’Neill (2008) confirms that through these examinations, learners are evaluated on their listening, reading, and writing skills. The teachers then use the results in addressing the language needs of individual students. The syllabus also takes care of learners’ language differences through recommending the use of group discussions. Learners are supposed to form simple paragrap hs, which they should discuss with their classmates. Teachers are also required to guide and direct the discussions. In doing so, teachers can spot any differences that exist between learners. Internal oral and written skills are also useful in addressing the language needs of individual learners. The purposes that are stated in this textbook meet the needs of the learners. The language needs of learners at this level include grasping basic language concepts. Learners are taught basic vocabularies, tenses, and sentence structure. Learning of tenses enables learners to begin making correct English sentences. Basic vocabularies that are taught at this level prepare learners for the next stage where they can understand simple sentences. Learners’ age and needs The substance of the syllabus is appropriate upon bearing in mind the students’ psychological status and speech development. At this level, learners’ level of skills in English language is low. Therefore, it is important to address it in a strategic developmental approach. The syllabus recommends teaching of basic tenses. According to Shawer (2010), learning of basic tenses at this level enables learners to comprehend change in time and actions that are expressed in basic sentences. The syllabus also recommends teaching of basic sentence structures to enable learners to piece up simple words together in making basic sentences. Teaching of basic listening and reading skills also ensures that students can read ‘Basic English’ statements and/or listen to ‘Basic English’ audio materials. This step forms an important foundation for the next levels where more advanced structures are taught. The syllabus also addresses language development procedure. For example, it takes care of listening, reading, writing, and speaking skills. These basics form the basis for comprehending a new language. EFL goals and context The content of the textbook is also tailored to meet the Saudi EFL goals and purposes because English is taught and used in KSA as a second language. Since English language is introduced at the sixth grade in most public schools, there is a need to form a foundation as learners get into secondary schools. Shawer (2010) affirms that Saudi EFL goals include the development of English language for use in the academic development of learners. Examinations and teaching of students at all levels from the sixth grade is done in English. Therefore, learning of English language prepares learners for academics. Trade and international relations in the KSA is also done in English. Teaching of writing and listening skills is important for this goal. Moreover, people of Saudi interact with many immigrants using the English language. Therefore, learning of listening, reading, and speaking skills meets this goal. Saudi culture The social and religious needs of the KSA people are taken care of in the EFL syllabus. Having been developed by the ministry of education in conjunction with the department of curriculum development, Zarei and Khalessi (2011) confirm that the syllabus incorporates religious and social needs of the people. For example, in the introduction, the importance of learning the English language is stated for the people of Saud Arabia. For example, the language will enable the people who learn it to interact better with those of other communities in an effort to spread their ideologies. Therefore, the English language will enable learners to socialise with the international community. For example, English language is used in international diplomacy.  According to Zarei and Khalessi (2011), Islamic religious goals of the Kingdom of Saud Arabia are also taken care of in the EFL syllabus. Learning of the English language will also enable learners to read religious writings if they are written in English. The syllabus promotes the Islamic religious values. Learning of speaking and listening skills in English will enabl e students to socialise with other Islam believers in other parts of the world. Better comprehension of other people’s religions and culture will also be promoted by the learning of English language, which is spoken in many countries.  Zarei and Khalessi (2011) say that the cultural environment of the Kingdom of Saud Arabia is also reflected in the EFL syllabus. The need for scientific and technological acquisition and exchange is enshrined in the goals of the EFL syllabus. Therefore, learning of the English language will ensure that people of the KSA can easily interact with the international community. Issues such as reading and understanding scientific materials are imperative in the acquisition and exchange of information. English language will enable students at the upper levels of learning to carry out research and/or interact with others across the world. Those who understand the English language can also spread the culture of people of the KSA easily to other Englis h speakers across the world. Essential elements in the modern syllabus The modern EFL syllabus is based on several foundations that are based on modern life situation. For example, in terms of teaching tenses, the syllabus recommends the use of placards that indicate drawings of activities. Discussions of simple stories are also based on modern life and situations that happen in the day-by-day life of the student. For example, learners are told to make simple sentences in the application of the learned subject. In teaching listening and speaking skills in English, the use of audio materials is recommended by the syllabus. The stories and examples that are used in such materials are from the real-life situations in the KSA. For example, when teaching students on new vocabularies, the teacher uses words in the context of what students do in their daily life. According to O’Neill (2008), pictures and illustrations on the EFL textbooks are customised to the KSA environment. Such materials also enhance learners’ autonomy in thinking. Learners can learn by themselves from the environment. The use of simple language structure and illustrations that relate to their personal lives also motivates them to learn by themselves. Conclusion Evaluation of first secondary English textbook in the KSA indicates that both the syllabus and the textbook are appropriate. The textbook is organised to meet the learning needs of national and cultural goals. The structure of the curriculum is also procedural to enable leaders to build on skills that they have acquired from lower levels. Assessments at different levels also ensure continuity of language competence development. Recommendations This evaluation recommends the department of curriculum development to take in the opinion of teachers in developing the curriculum since they (teachers) are the direct end users. Secondly, the ministry of education should consider the needs of the learners when developing the curricul um. Thirdly, there should be a comprehensive training of English language teachers before they are posted to teach in the various KSA schools. Finally, there should be an inclusion of more integrative methods of TEFL in the syllabus. Reference List Alamri, A. (2008). An Evaluation of the Sixth Grade English Language Textbook for Saudi Boys’ Schools. KSA: King Saud University. Al-Hajailan, T. (2003). Teaching English in Saudi Arabia. Riyadh: Aldar Alsawlatiah Al-Kharabsheh, A., Al-Azzam, B., Obeidat, M. (2009). The English Department In The Arab World Re-Visited: Language, Literature, or Translation? A Student’s View. College Student Journal, 43(4), 961-978. Habtoor, A. (2012). English for Specific Purpose Textbook in EFL Milieu: An Instructor’s Perspective Evaluation. International Journal of Linguistics, 4(3), 1-45. Khafaji, A. (2004). An evaluation of the materials used for teaching English to the second secondary level in male public high school in Saudi Ara bia. Exeter, UK: University of Exeter. O’Neill, R. (2008). Why use textbooks? ELT Journal, 36(2), 104-111. Shawer, S. (2010) Communicative-based curriculum innovations between theory and practice: implications for EFL curriculum development and student cognitive and affective change. Curriculum Journal, 21(3), 333-359. Zarei, G., Khalessi, M. (2011). Cultural load in English language textbooks: an analysis of interchange series. Procedia Social and Behavioural Sciences, 15(1), 294–301. This research paper on Suitability of a First Secondary English Textbook was written and submitted by user Samara C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Top Essay Topics about Social Inequality Reviews!

Top Essay Topics about Social Inequality Reviews! The Hidden Secret of Essay Topics about Social Inequality While it's not a poor thing, it speaks a good deal about how gender inequality misstep happened in the very first location. Among the oldest types of social injustice on earth, gender inequality has existed the scene for quite some time. Thus, the gender doesn't mean anything. One of the absolute most important reason we have inequality is due to our own belief. Such inequality at work results to quite a low production because of women lacking the motivation to do the job. Additional social identity can be dependent on the treatment of the remainder of society. As an example, several of the conversations that happen in social media realms concentrate on what it is like to experience discrimination and prejudice. In a few countries, communities don't permit the female to study. Aside from that, gender essay is similar to an eye-opener to students. When you compose a social issue essay, it is very important to clearly show your private view of the issue. If you wish to compose a controversial essay, you definitely have to look for the most effective social issues topics or satire topics. Writing an intriguing essay about trendy topics is an opportunity to reveal your knowledge of earth. Essay outline makes it possible to structure your work along with choosing facts that support your major ideas of the essay. Finding out how to compose an essay begins by figuring out how to analyze essays written by other people. To begin with, your essay is supposed to deal with a specific social, psychological or anthropological matter. Is is important to compose the abstract after writing the entire paper. Essay Topics about Social Inequality Can Be Fun for Everyone Fortunately, there's a tiny progress on the matter. You're building an image of a social issue, and you will need to bring up every potential side of the story. The issue starts when only 1 perspective is pressured unto all. Social problems faced in various sections of the world also point to a specific level, the inequality in education. The Rise of Essay Topics about Social Inequality Gender equality is a topic that typically provokes a great deal of contra versions along with arguments. Social inequalit ies are part of contemporary culture. Finally, social stratification isn't all about equality of persons, but likewise the beliefs they hold. The introduction is a significant portion of the gender equality essay. Thirdly, the theory of Marx on social stratification appears to be this constrained in defining the use of cultural aspects in social classification. Inequality in education is something that has continued manifest even in the current days. In spite of the fact that health care at the moment in the USA is turning into a big issue at this time, the point is still apparent they have and have-nots are treated different. As an example, in the majority of the workplace, almost all of the full-time jobs only belong to the male. The same is true for health care. The Basic Facts of Essay Topics about Social Inequality There's one primary direction of ensuring that you're not discriminating others in your gender research essay. General information Students that are new to the topic of social studies need to be ready for in-depth education at their very first lessons. These topics are supposed to help students i dentify some helpful sources. They will be useful for people who want to write essays about the subject mentioned above in the form of a regular job. There are several sorts of inequality among people. There's a high level of social inequality in the usa. Most Americans are conscious of unique kinds of inequality. The ethical and financial requirement of the decrease in inequality is the facet of globalization and public policy. The development of the tax predictor is a fantastic measure and indication of cutting back the wage inequality. It is very important to be aware that income isn't the ideal measure for social relations. Education is among the significant foundations of the society which promotes realization of financial targets and at exactly the same time making certain that different individuals wind up living better lives. Other folks think that women are better off taking the conventional gender role and staying home to deal with the loved ones and household chores. On the flip side, women aren't given such opportunities. On the other hand, they are only allowed to handle part-time and casual jobs.

Good Topics For Nursing Research Paper

Good Topics For Nursing Research PaperWriting a nursing research paper is a daunting task to undertake, but with some pointers you will be able to get a good grip on the matter. There are many good topics for nursing research paper and if you are not careful you may end up writing a real monstrosity of a paper. For this reason I shall outline some good topics for you to consider. I am sure you will find a topic that suits your unique academic taste.Now in this day and age there are many questions asked by people in regards to whether or not the nurses experience sadness? This is a very difficult question to answer as emotions may vary widely amongst all individuals. The best way to go about answering this question is to get the opinion of several doctors and nurses who might be in a position to offer an opinion. This is often the only way to get a clear response from a large group of individuals. You should discuss this with your professors before deciding upon the topic for your pap er.Perhaps this will not be a popular opinion to the majority of people, but I believe that music is an effective means of boosting concentration levels. As music was developed to help stimulate the brain. Therefore this could also be a good topic for a nursing research paper. All you have to do is find a couple of songs that you like and then add them to your research paper.Would music have an effect on a nurse's ability to handle the stress of caring for the sick? If so, what kind of effects can music have on the brain? It is possible that the answers to these questions could affect how you conduct your nursing research.Any topic that has to do with the physical effects of the human body is always a good topic for nursing research paper. Apart, from the obvious effects it has on the brain, the human body also affects how we interact with others, and how we sleep at night. There are many physiological effects of a variety of substances on the body, and also many side effects of ing esting too much of these substances.For example there are hundreds of different types of drugs known to impair the central nervous system. In many cases, these drugs may cause the patient to experience cognitive problems in the future.If you are looking for a good topic for your paper, you could try to answer this question using a basic research method. The first step is to talk to a number of people and then to obtain their opinions. After this you will need to take the opinions of some of your professors to create a more solid research base.One of the most important aspects of writing a good topic for a nursing research paper is to remember that this paper is a reflection of your academic tastes. You should try to write something that appeals to you. You can always switch topics after you have completed your research paper if you find the subject to be not to your liking.

Your College Essay Starts With Your Sleep

Your College Essay Starts With Your SleepYou know, a number two could be the perfect spot for a college essay. And there's a good reason why that's true. It really is quite possible to be able to find that elusive number one spot.Because most college essay writers out there are sitting in their beds all night long, they probably need to catch up on their sleep after the essay is written. And that is a big reason why you need to give yourself some time. Find a spot in the college essay to work on in your sleep. In fact, I would suggest that you give yourself a couple of hours to do just that.You need to tell the school counselor of your plans. Of course, you also need to write a recommendation letter to show the school why you are worthy of a spot on the list. And in addition to that, you need to include the details of your school essay. It can be something as simple as a writer's block or some problems that could occur while writing the college essay.Rest up for the day. I can't tell you how important it is to get your rest. It is easy to spend too much time while writing. However, this should be the easy part. After all, we all have a job to do.Do not neglect the rest of your day to work on the college essay. Try to plan ahead what you will do during the rest of the day. Prepare your notes so that you can make copies on the computer. This will allow you to just to rip off the paper when you finish the essay. If you want, you can also print it out on a big sheet of paper and include the references to it.T college essay written about the number two It would be a good idea to schedule a place to rest up for the night. For example, the college essay should not take you too long to complete. If it is that long, it is likely that you will not even have a chance to sleep. So, make sure you schedule a place for the night to sleep. And this means that you need to look for a nice place where you will be in bed when you finish your college essay.This is all you need to do to find the college essay spot. Find that perfect spot for a number two and start working on it. In fact, I hope that you will finish your college essay in less than two hours. See, this is what I mean about resting up for the day.

How To Write An Essay Using Blogging

How To Write An Essay Using BloggingAn online sample essay is a very good way to give a glimpse of the writer's idea and creativity, while also getting some experience with the perfect phrase that will be used in a sample essay. There are two ways of writing a sample essay: using the usual formula of 'Thesis'Conclusion' to come up with a perfect work, or choosing an interesting topic. The former is far easier, because it is a straightforward procedure.Thesis Statement: This is the basis for your essay, which is written out using facts from your life. It should be short, precise and very specific. Your focus should be on developing a balanced view of the subject matter and not only presenting a perspective. Be sure to mention the major points that you wish to convey with your essay. Your emphasis should be on the contribution that you are making, not just the promotion of a business or company.Conclusion: When you have written out a thesis statement, it is time to move on to the concl usion. You can use the thesis statement as your foundation and then add on some facts to make it more detailed. Be sure to leave a little space between the conclusion and the thesis statement.A quality essay is going to be detailed, and should contain many details about your experiences. Writing a sample essay can serve as a vehicle to share important information that can help readers understand your thoughts on a particular subject. If your essay is of a good quality, then you will not only learn about a subject matter, but you will also have something that you can refer back to in the future.A blog is a great way to make a very informative piece. When you write an essay in a blog, it has the benefit of being short, concise and to the point. In addition, you will learn how to use the proper grammar and punctuation, along with giving your readers information that they need to know.You should always consider using a blog to become familiar with how to write an essay for your audience . You should be sure to maintain the tone of the blog in terms of style and tone. The more you practice, the more comfortable you will be in posting and editing your essays. For example, if you decide to continue using a blog to publish your essays, then you will need to figure out how to use the correct syntax and punctuation in your essay.So you see, blogging is not only a great place to practice your research skills, but it is also a way to show off your ability to write and develop your own ideas. It also allows you to have a little fun while doing so. Whether you want to write a blog for personal use or for business purposes, you can be sure that blogging will provide you with the ability to develop a writer's style that will last a lifetime.