Persuation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Persuation - Essay Example Failure to be out the game voluntarily and apologize to fellow teammates, I will have no choice but to report Joseph to the coach. Joseph violated a major rule. The captains explicitly relayed the rules to the team members before the season begun and made it clear that it was vital for them to follow the rules. The team further agreed that drinking would lead to a one game suspension. Joseph, as a teammate, agreed to this policy. Therefore, there is no excuse for what Joseph did as he was aware of the consequences and the team’s goal. Joseph is my best friend. Therefore, he should respect my decision. He knows very well how dedicated I am to the team and winning the national championship. Moreover, he knows my work ethics and the importance of following the rules. I did not expect this from him as he is supposed to set a good example for the team. On my part, as the captain, associating with people who break rules and being lenient on them will not be setting a good example. Alcohol has many effects on a person. The dehydration and lack of energy, in particular, will affect Joseph. The team is on the verge of playing the biggest game of the season against the biggest rivals. Therefore, the training is intensive so that the team can succeed in beating the rivals. Dehydration and lack of energy will prevent Joseph from training as hard as he should. Thus, he should really consider the possibility of a poor performance. If I do not punish Joseph, the team might find out about the drinking and get angry, as it will be favoritism. The anger will affect the team’s performance, as there will be no coordination. Moreover, the other members will feel like their drinking and breaking other rules is justified. They will not expect a punishment if they broke any of the rules. If the coach was to find out that Joseph went out drinking and refused to sit out the game, he might actually kick him out of the team. The coach

Soil and Water Protection Essay Example for Free

Soil and Water Protection Essay Soil contamination or soil pollution is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. It is typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals, or improper disposal of waste. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (such as naphthalene and benzo (a) pyrene), solvents, pesticides, lead, and other heavy metals. Contamination is correlated with the degree of industrialization and intensity of chemical usage. The concern over soil contamination stems primarily from health risks, from direct contact with the contaminated soil, vapors from the contaminants, and from secondary contamination of water supplies within and underlying the soil. The main threats to soils are: extension of urbanization, acidification, accumulation of pollutants, nitrate in groundwater, loss of organic matter and deteriorating soil structure, soil compaction, and erosion. The latter is especially important in southern EC countries. Differences in the approaches adopted by different countries reflect differences in the nature and perceived seriousness of soil problems and the nature of the legislatory system. In particular, differences in the approaches of the Netherlands and the UK are discussed. The concept of ‘soil quality’ is discussed in relation to these two approaches. Suggestions are given for an ecologically based soil protection policy. This paper discusses current soil protection policies and their development in the EC, and the evolution of the associated concept of ‘soil quality’. It does not deal in any detail with the restoration of soils which have been degraded by the inadequacy of past policies or their implementation. Emphasis is given to northern EC countries because they have been especially active in the development of policies which protect land and soils. Some soil degradation processes are natural phenomena but they are exacerbated by all kinds of unsustainable human uses. Let us consider the main soil degradation processes in the European Union. Erosion: Water erosion affects 115 million hectares (ha) of soil, and wind erosion 42 million ha. The Mediterranean region is the most affected, but there is clear evidence that other parts of the 25 Member States (EU-25) also suffer significantly from this phenomenon. It is made worse by inappropriate farming techniques. Organic matter decline: Some 45% of soils in Europe have low or very low organic matter content. This is the case in particular in the South of Europe, but also in parts of France, the United Kingdom, Germany and Sweden. Organic matter is both an important soil constituent and the main source of food and energy for soil organisms. It is therefore of the basis for soil fertility. It also plays a crucial role in the structure of soil. Soil organisms feed on organic matter. Organic matter decline therefore leads to loss of soil biodiversity. Again, inappropriate agricultural practices accelerate this decline. Compaction: This is deterioration of the soil structure by mechanical pressure. It is made worse by excessive stocking rates (the density of animals grazing in a given surface) and the inappropriate use of heavy machinery. Salinisation: There is build-up of salt in some 3. 8 million ha of Europe’s soils. The regions most affected are Campania in Italy, the Ebro Valley in Spain, and the Great Alfold in Hungary. Stalinization is made worse by inappropriate irrigation and changes in vegetation. Landslides: Landslides occur most frequently in areas with highly erodible soils, clayey sub-soil, steep slopes, intense and abundant precipitation and land abandonment, such as in the Alpine and Mediterranean regions. To date, there is no data on the total area affected in the EU. Although they are natural phenomena, they are made worse by certain human activities. Landslides represent an increasing threat due to population growth, summer and winter tourism, and intensive land use. Contamination: Earlier industrialization and poor management practices have left a legacy of thousands of contaminated sites in Europe. There are an estimated 3. 5 million potentially contaminated sites in the whole of the Union, of which about 0. 5 million are expected to be actually contaminated and in need of remediation. Contaminants may accumulate to such an extent that they hamper soil functions. They may pollute groundwater and surface water and thus threaten drinking water supplies and aquatic ecosystems. Sealing: The permanent covering of soil (e. g. with roads or concrete) is the only intentional threat to soil. It affects 9% of the area of the EU and is made worse by urban and industrial sprawl and transport networks. It disrupts gas, water and energy flows and leads to irreversible loss of fertile soil. Several of these threats are exacerbated by the effects of climate change, which causes increases in temperature and extreme weather events. If some of these threats are combined, they may ultimately lead to desertification, which is mainly the result of different soil degradation processes partially associated with arid or sub-arid climatic conditions. The costs of soil degradation in the European Union are estimated at some â‚ ¬38 billion each year.

Walmarts Products, Services and Hiring Processes

Walmarts Products, Services and Hiring Processes The company was founded in 1945 and is based in Bentonville, Arkansas. It is a publicly traded company on the NYSE. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. operates retail stores in various formats worldwide. The companys Walmart U.S. segment offers meat, produce, deli, bakery, dairy, frozen foods, floral, and dry grocery; health and beauty aids, household chemicals, paper goods, and pet supplies; electronics, toys, cameras and supplies, photo processing services, cellular phones, cellular service plan contracts, and prepaid service; fabrics and crafts, stationery and books, automotive accessories, hardware and paint, horticulture and accessories, sporting goods, outdoor entertaining, and seasonal merchandise; apparel, shoes, and jewelry; pharmacy and optical services; and home furnishings, housewares, and small appliances through discount stores, supercenters, and neighborhood markets, as well as through walmart.com. Its International segment includes various formats of retail stores and restaurants, including supermarkets, combination discount and grocery stores, supercenters, Sams Clubs, hypermarkets, cash-n-carry stores, department stores, and general merchandise stores. The companys Sams Club segment offers merchandise, including hard goods, soft goods, and selected private-label items under the MEMBERS MARK, BAKERS CHEFS, and SAMS CLUB brands through warehouse membership clubs in the United States, as well as through samsclub.com. As of January 31, 2010, it operated 803 discount stores, 2,747 supercenters, 158 neighborhood markets, and 596 Sams Clubs in the United States; 43 units in Argentina, 434 in Brazil, 317 in Canada, 252 in Chile, 170 in Costa Rica, 77 in El Salvador, 164 in Guatemala, 53 in Honduras, 1 in India, 371 in Japan, 1,469 in Mexico, 55 in Nicaragua, 56 in Puerto Rico, and 371 in the United Kingdom, as well as 279 stores in the Peoples Republic of China. In 2010 it was the worlds largest public corporation by revenue, according to the Forbes Global 2000 f or that year. PRODUCTS AND SERVICES 681 stores across the United States offering convenient low prices that customers seem to love. Each store features wide aisles and fully stacked shelves stocked with variety of reasonable priced items including: Health and beauty aids Electronics Jewelry Toys Family apparel Hardware Sporting goods Automotive Home furnishings Pet supplies House ware Lawn and garden items super centers meet the needs and demands for convenient family shopping at low prices. Super center groceries include: Frozen foods Deli foods Beverages Fresh produce Canned and packaged goods Meat and dairy products Bakery goods Household supplies Condiments Dry goods and staples Some of the super centers have specialty shops such as: Tire Lube Express Vision centers Portrait studio Pharmacy Brand name restaurants Photo center Health clinic Hair salon Employment Agency Bank Neighborhood Markets offer a quick and convenient way for customers to shop who need groceries, pharmaceuticals, and general merchandise all at their famous everyday low prices. This wide variety of products including: Fresh produce Meat and Dairy products Frozen foods Dry goods and staples Health and Beauty aids Deli foods Bakery Items Canned and packaged goods Condiments and spices Pet supplies Stationery and paper goods Drive through pharmacy Household supplies One hour photo center C. Products and Services initiatives that require HR support Wal-Mart global sourcing stays committed to providing and developing local talent for the purchasing of merchandise for all Wal-Mart retail operations. D. Brief Walmart structure Wal-Mart is one of the largest stores in the United States. It operates many different stores all around the world. It operates supercenters, discount stores, Sams club, and neighborhood markets. Wal-Mart operates in countries all over the world such as: Brazil, Argentina, China, Canada, Guatemala, Japan, Mexico, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, United Kingdom and Puerto Rico. Wal-marts operations are subject to different laws, cultures, and customs. There are laws and regulation around the world that affects Wal-Mart each year, therefore the statement of ethics must be modified to match the changes in these laws and customs. Wal-Mart uses an organizational theory whereas the company utilizes its resources effectively increasing productivity. The company has been a leader in the category over any other company around. Wal-Mart uses a decentralized structure which leads to improved performance for the company. There are many ways that make Wal-Mart different from the othe r companies such as technology, innovation, and cost leadership. E. Organizational structure initiatives requiring H.R. support H.R. does not support the organizational structure alone. Developing careers and management the companies are involving all their employees. This was brought about because of the stiff competition in the retail sectors. New ways are a must for companies who are going to incorporate job enrichment. Wal-Mart has an orientation program that involves retention practices for their employees. When an employee starts their employment with Wal-Mart, they are taken through the recruitment process, which shows them what their new job position is. This also teaches the employee about the companys organizational structure, and about the Wal-Mart history. The employees are informed that the same warm welcome that is extended to the consumers when entering Wal-Mart goes the same for them when they report for work. The whole idea is to keep your employees once an organization has invested in them. Treat your employees well and they will feel a greater need to remain within the company. The employees at Wal-Mart are offered training and development programs, and this is considered as part of their regular work environment. The companys objective is to train and develop their employees to be prepared with the necessary skills, if chosen to climb the corporate latter as a well-trained employee leader. Wal-Mart came up the Leaders out In Front this means that the managers within the 4 manager areas will be responsible for training. This also gives them a chance to improve themselves for their own advancement goals. This will help improve the employees performance and according to the organization, the assistant managers are the ones who will be responsible for this training Another training program established by Wal-Mart uses a training program which is the store learning program that virtual classrooms that in certain selected stores employees learn what the most effective methods of delivery service. Wal-Mart employees develop their careers through skill assessments. The company uses an Associate Investment model where supervisors evaluate employee competencies, and allows the assessment of the evaluation process. If the evaluation was conducted incorrect or inaccurate, the company can detect it and makes their employees more prepared for future assessments. (King, 2006) The company goes through a career assessment and development process, which is known as the Phase one, the informative phase, which involves on boarding so that the company can ascertain whether their employees know all the skills and knowledge required to perform their job functions. In the fundamental track phase, the company conducts performance management, which assists their employees in the process of understanding their responsibilities, and is also tailored to create a good foundation for employees as perform their duties. The third phase for the employees is the advanced track phase. Associates are taught how to plan their careers. The company assures that their employees go through all the progressive steps required to advance to different positions within the company. Associates are required to evaluate their own performance, training and skills, so that they can maintain some kind of idea where they stand in their company. Wal-Mart employees while in this program are provided training for example on how to write resumes, conduct interviews, plan their careers and seek for job opportunities within the company. Many Wal-Mart employees have undergone these training programs where they have learned what it is to be part of the Wal-Mart family. The top managers understand the importance of developing well trained employees within the company. They feel very strongly on retaining their employees that have been through their training programs. (Marquez, 2005) The companys HR stated that the companys success is because of the dedication and time that is put into evaluating whether the best qualified employee has pursued the opportunities that the company offers. They are going to start working on obtaining information from their employees, to see what it is that the employee may want to pursue in his career with the company. Once this is accomplished, then the company can offer that specific training for that area, dept. or location. Because of employee concerns, Wal-Mart decided to come up with a plan that would will not only open up communication between management and staff, but would very much strengthen relations between them. This would be a great approach in this company. HR has been striving to improve employee practices. HR in improving career practices, decided to place an HR executive in charge of several stores instead of being placed in one store. This way the services can be better coordinated throughout the country. (Wal-Mart, 2008) Wal-Mart has also implemented a way to help their HR employees, by forming a five member team who has legal backgrounds and experience in HR. This team can offer assistance and provide advice to the managers when needed. This assistance for the managers, allows the managers more time to concentrate on their staff, because this helps to reduce their workloads in dealing and handling staff, and staff can concentrate on their jobs. (Wal-Mart, 2005) F. Organizational Markets/Methods of Organizational Marketing Wal-Mart marketing methods includes: offering items from the internet, adds in the newspaper, and commercial advertisement. This method of marketing keeps Wal-Mart customers coming back for more deals and low priced needed items. H.R. also plays a huge part in marketing for Wal-Mart by hiring and screening the right individuals to help with the marketing. Its very important to make sure the right people are on board so that Wal-Mart can market and sell their products. G. ORGANIZATIONAL, MARKETS/METHODS OF ORGANIZATIONAL MARKETING REQUIRING H.R. SUPPORT V. H.R. DEVELOPMENT SERVICES: NOW DOING AND NEED TO ADD: (15 PAGES) A. Organizational Core Competencies Wal-Mart is well aware that strategy for business expansion is the most important strategy that makes the company as big as it is today. Wal-Mart has managed to go from one single store to thousands of stores and supermarkets, all across the world. Wal-Mart has more growing plans which includes: a regional and international expansion. Putting these plans into place, the location would have to be one of the basic components for the plans. Location is important for a company like Wal-Mart, and other factors are involved also such as: distance and cost. One good characteristic that helps in determining the location is positioning the store next to a distribution center. By choosing the location near the distribution center will cut down on shipping time and gas expense for the truck. Wal-Mart also tries to locate the store around the community. By placing it around the community, makes it convenient for customers to shop by saving their time of driving. The next best thing that Wal-Mart keeps in mind when picking a location is the parking lot. Wal-Mart always tries to make sure parking lots have enough space and that customers are able to easily enter and exit. Wal-Marts expansion strategy must have a good plan put into place and with highly committed people and customers this can be made possible. Wal-Mart has competitive advantage over its competitors because of the following core competencies. As promised in its slogan Wal-Mart has been providing products at lower prices, it is possible due to the low cost operations. Wal-Mart share the value of low cost with customers by selling the products at lower prices. Hard working, efficient and process oriented employees have been working with Wal-Mart. Better use of technology to directly connect with supplier and partners. Implemented Just-in-time inventory process to reduce the cost of managing inventory at Warehouses In summary. Wal-Mart core competencies are employees, cost efficient processes and relationship with supplier and partners by using technology. B. Strategic Planning for Organization and H.R. involvement Wal-Mart Strategy Strategic planning for Wal-Mart involves differentiating its organization from its competitors in a way that is sustainable in the future. Wal-Mart plans to continue to strive hard to make their organization unique, distinctive and identify key success factors that will drive the customers to continue to buy their products. H.R. can make this possible by being a key player who has the drive and skills to make this possible. Wal-Mart dominates the American retailing industry due to number of factors like its business model which is still a mystery and its effectiveness in not letting the rivals let know about the weaknesses. Wal-Mart made strategic attempts in the its formulation to dominate the retail market where it has its presence, growth by expansion in the US and Internationally, create widespread name recognition and customer satisfaction in relation to brand name Wal-Mart and branching into new sectors of retailing. It is learnt that Wal-Mart strives on three generic strategies consisting of Focus Strategy, the Differentiation Strategy and overall cost leadership. Managers strive hard to make their organizations unique, distinctive and identify key success factors that will drive the customers to buy their products.Thus, firm specific resources and capabilities are crucial in explaining the firms performance. The Resource Based View (RBV) explains competitive heterogeneity based on the premise that close competitors differ in their resources and capabilities in important and durable ways. The companys capability can be found through its functionality, reliable performance, like Wal-Mart superior logistics. (Helfat, 2002) Wal-Mart has firm infrastructure, well equipped in human resource with management professionals and technologically too. Any organizations thrive hard to be successful for which it needs to have better resources and superior capabilities. Wal-Mart has strong RBV with economically and financially very strong enough to stand still in the time of crisis. Pereira states that dominating the retail market is its key strategy. Wal-Mart operates on low price strategy which is operated as every day low prices (EDLP) which builds trust among the customers.(Brunn, 2006)The strategy lies in purchasing the goods at lower prices and selling the goods to customer at much lower prices, cutting the price as far as possible and increasing the profit by increasing the number of sales. This ferociously increases the competition in the market and Wal-Mart competes with all its competitors till it is dominant it the market. Wal-Mart is expanding seriously and rapidly which is also its strategic goal. Wal-Mart employs over 1.3 associates, owns over 4000 stores out of which 3000 are in US and serves around 100 million customers weekly. Wal-Mart has acquired many international stores and merged with some super stores like ASDA in UK. Wal-Mart far flung network of retail outlets has ensured that Wal-Mart interacts with and has impact on virtually every locality within US. (Helfat, 2002) The expanded strategy has led the hunger of Wal-Mart to many European Countries. It is learnt that three countries with no Wal-Mart stores became part of corporations international presence wherein the domestic retail chains were taken over by Wal-Mart including 122 Woolco stores in Canada, 21 Wertkauf stores in Germany and 229 ASDA units in United Kingdom. The takeover strategy by Wal-Mart keeps the company at forefront when entering into the new market and the number of competitors is also minimized. The strategies have he lped the Wal-Mart to rein in number one position in international countries making it the largest retailer in the world. It is seen that Wal-Mart has significantly the Porters five force model wherein through proper strategic planning and strategic implementation has led to removal of barrier entry, rivalry from competitors and pricing norms. In regard to substitutes, Wal-Mart in order to achieve its aim of customer satisfaction has selling goods under its own legal brand. Wal-Marts big box phenomenon has changed the retailing industry in the United States which is often considered as discount stores and makes profit through high volume of purchases and low markup on profits.(Parnell, 2008)Wal-Mart with its low cost and ever expanding strategy has made a dramatic impact since 1962 when Sam Walton first started his business. With this strategy, Wal-Mart has now over 4000 stores and outlets in US and other countries through acquisition and mergers. C. Hiring process and tools Walmart Hiring Process The Walmart process, depending on the position, is a fairly streamlined set of discrete events beginning with a standard application form fill, following through with a series of interviews, and culminating with an ultimate decision as to whether a candidate is the correct hire for Walmart. Along the way, a job candidate may be asked to perform any number of skills assessments or take a battery of tests to determine the applicants fitness for a job at Walmart. For a checker, the entire hiring process could unfold in a matter of days, while for more responsible management and executive positions, the hiring process could last any number of weeks or even months from the time of inception. Walmart Hiring Information Walmart Hiring Process The Walmart process, depending on the position, is a fairly streamlined set of discrete events beginning with a standard application form fill, following through with a series of interviews, and culminating with an ultimate decision as to whether a candidate is the correct hire for Walmart. Along the way, a job candidate may be asked to perform any number of skills assessments or take a battery of tests to determine the applicants fitness for a job at Walmart. For a checker, the entire hiring process could unfold in a matter of days, while for more responsible management and executive positions, the hiring process could last any number of weeks or even months from the time of inception. Walmart Hiring Information Where can you get information on which Walmart stores or office are hiring and for what positions? Job boards like Indeed.com aggregate postings from around the internet in an easily-searchable web interface that can prove invaluable to a job search whether for Walmart or any other corporation or entity. Other sources of Walmart hiring information can include personal LinkedIn network mining or even old-fashioned face-to-face business mixers that Walmart hiring managers might be likely to attend. If youve exhausted all these sources of hiring information for Walmart, then it could be time to just head down to your local outpost and inquire as to whether they have a local email list or job board that keeps potential applicants notified when postions become open. D. Organizational Development and Change initiatives (e.g. restructuring, policies and procedures, innovation and creativity, competitive strategies) E. Organizational Assessment Processes (eg., profit/loss evaluation, efficiency measures, market growth and decline, market share analysis, coordination and departmentalization) F. Human Capital Assessment Process (e.g., performance reviews, development plans, corrective action plans, needs assessment) G. Training, development and education programs: Management and Leadership Supervisory Team Building Sales and Marketing Customer Service Safety, Quality and Technical Career Mgt./Development programs H. Succession Planning I. Performance Management and Review Systems J. Re-structuring of the organizations or major departments K. Job enlargement, job enrichment L. Personal services: Payroll HRIS/HRM Compensation and Benefits and Pay for performance evidence M. Legal services: how provided N. Other services by function: financial budgets and control, bonus system, etc.

Heroes (my Parents) :: essays research papers

When one thinks of heroes, names such as Ghandi, Martin Luther King, and Mother Theresa often come to mind. These people had done a lot of favors, courage, helps, and more of things for the people who needed them. They have change the world. But, heroes can be in anyway, even in each of individuals in the world. I have the persons who I think is the best hero in my mind. They are my parents.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My parents are brave; they will do anything for my happiness. Not only mine, but also their friends, and families. My father has many friends, and he always helps them whenever they need them most. Without my parents, I probably will not survive. Heroes usually best described as selfless, brave, and often inspiring. A friend of my mother just heard a bad news from her family back in Indonesia, telling that her father has a cancer that already spread in his body. She has to go back and visit her father, but can't afford the plane ticket. My mom not hesitantly let her borrow her money for the ticket. During The May riot in Indonesia, everybody in my complex tried to run away since the natives were going to kill the Chinese. But, My father and couple of his friends ordered them to stay and fight back, and it worked. The natives ran when they saw a crowd of Chinese trying to kill them back. My parents are the most inspiring people for me. They taught me things that I need to know like drugs, and other important things. My father always inspired me to do the right things, to be strong, and be independent. I am sure that all parents that did a lot of things for their children are heroes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Heroes always change in our mind as we grow. As a child, we think Hercules, Xena, superheroes, imaginary friends, comics', and cartoons' heroes as the real heroes. As we grow older, our opinions keep changing from time to time.

History, Genocide, Social Intolerance and Bigotry Essay

Lessons of history have been correctly utilized in a sense that the eventualities and circumstances in the past served as a learning experience for a better future. History served as a reminder on how to uphold the positive undertakings and set aside those which only causes strife. On the other hand, it can be used incorrectly in such a way that oppressed people may tend to see their gloomy past as a reason to revolt and take up arms. Moreover, utilizing history as a predictive instrument has observable limitations in a sense that the eventualities in the past does not necessarily manifests in the future, although it may influence it. On the contrary, history basically serves as a reference point to which critical judgment and better analysis of certain circumstances in the present and the future could be applied. In relation to that, observing the massive killings happening around the world, like acts of genocide could be defined as a deliberate attempt of any group to eliminate and annihilate a certain ethnic group in a belief that cleansing a whole group will also abolish oppression and conflict. According to Gregory Stanton of Genocide Watch, there are actually stages that ultimately leads to genocide. The eight stages are as follows: Classification, or the stage wherein individuals start to cluster the people with the â€Å"us and them† method; Symbolization, where people practices labelling and name calling; Dehumanization, wherein certain groups perceive others not worthy to be considered human beings; Organization, or the establishment of a structured group like militias; Polarization, which divides the group apart because of the works of extremists; Preparation, or the drawing out of death lists and threats; Extermination, or the mass killings and ethnic cleansing stage; and Denial, wherein the perpetrators makes a lot of effort in covering up their inhumane acts and intimidates their witnesses (Stanton, 1996). Some acts of genocide is reported to have been institutionalized and sanctioned by the government like the Janjaweed militia of the Darfur crisis. These Janjaweed forces are believed to be supported by the government because it is through this powerful group that the oil from the Darfur region could be accessed since they threaten the people with acts of violence (Koerner, 2005). Having dominion over the oil industry in Darfur would allow economic growth and stability. For its political implication, the government continually supports the undertakings of the Janjaweeds because they continue to uphold the purpose of their creation which is to destroy the African tribes who were believed to be supporting insurgent groups against the government (Reeves, 2005). In line with that, a possible foundation of social intolerance resides in the people’s fear of the unknown wherein they are uncertain in accepting other people’s perspectives apart from theirs, fearing the implications it may have on them. Another basis of social intolerance and bigotry are the people’s lack of openness to communicate to other people and a feeling of superiority over individuals who are not â€Å"like† them or have similar ideologies. References Koerner, B. (2005). Who are the Janjaweed. Retrieved June 5, 2008, from http://www. slate. com/id/2104210/. Reeves, E. (2005). Genocide in Darfur-How the Horror Began. Retrieved June 5, 2008, from http://www. sudantribune. com/article. php3? id_article=11445. Stanton, G. (1996). The Eight Stages of Genocide. Retrieved June 5, 2008, from http://www. genocidewatch. org/8stages. htm.

Ideals of the New Era essays

Ideals of the New Era essays During the time known as the New Era, many new technologies were presented to American consumers, and the living standards of the average American became better. With the workweek reduced to 45 hours, and paid vacations becoming the norm, the American people now had more leisure time on their hand. More people finished high school, but only a small percentage went to college. Electrical generators provided 80 percent of the power used in industry, thanks to a second Industrial Revolution. By 1929, more than 66% of American homes had electricity, and production had increased dramatically. Seen as the symbol for the good life, automobiles freed teenagers from the watchful eyes of their parents. With the automotive boom, suburbs were created and people began living miles away from work. Gas stations, diners, and motels became common landmarks in American life. Farming was improved with the advent of the tractor. One room schools disappeared due to buses carrying children into town. For the first time in American history, more than half of the American population lived in areas of more than 2,500 people. The metropolis saw a huge growth as well. In 1900, there were only 52 metropolitan areas of 100,000 people or more. By 1930, there were 115. The creation of movies, created the celebrity, an important facet of American culture even today. Although this was considered an age of prosperity, many still embraced old ways. Many Americans were afraid that the ways of life familiar for them were threatened by the technology and discoveries in science, along with criticism of the Bible. While most educated people saw Darwins Theory of Evolution as sound, Many evangelical protestants saw the Bible as a literal truth. In some states, teaching the theory of evolution became against the law. Secularism, liberal theology, and the Social Gospel were rejected, along with the belief that reform on Earth could lead to perfection. The Fundamental...

How to Be a Writer 10 Traits of Professional Authors

How to Be a Writer 10 Traits of Professional Authors How to Be a Writer: 10 Traits of Professional Authors If you’re here, you might be wondering how to be a writer for a living. When I see bestselling authors who have turned writing books into a full-time career, I have to stop and ask myself: â€Å"How did they do it?†Stephen King has written over seventy bestsellers since the publication of Carrie in 1974. To this day he continues to write consistently.James Patterson has sold more than 300 million books worldwide. He has been quoted as saying: â€Å"Its pretty much seven days a week for me. Youre lucky if you find something you like to do and then its a miracle somebody will pay you to do it. Thats my situation. Its not work for me. These are all stories that Im really dying to tell.†Harry Potter author J.K. Rowling, once jobless and with a dependent child, has sold over 430 million copies of her books.What magic formula do these authors have? What super-talent have they been blessed with? What am I NOT doing now that I could be doing to turn my passion for writin g into a real career?How to Be a WriterNow you might be thinking, â€Å"Well, good for them. But I just want to make enough money on my writing to earn a living, not 100 million bucks!†But it’s not about how much money you can make at your writing. That might come later, but what really matters is this: practicing the habits and actions professional authors implement as part of their work life that leads to this kind of success. You don’t have to earn a fortune to be a professional writer; you just need to model what the pros do and the outcome will take care of itself.There are a set of definitive traits pro authors have that make them masters of the trade. Good writing that sells is the result of these essential traits. For both indie and traditionally published authors, these 10 traits of professional authors are universal and a must-have for launching your author career.Here are the top 10 traits of pro authors, and how you can adopt these traits to become a professional writer that gets books published, earns you an income, and creates a sustainable business you can grow and love.Pro Author Trait #1: Develop a Daily Writing HabitPro writers have developed the writing habit. They write almost every day and have a word count goal for the day. Pro writers stick to a consistent writing schedule and put in the time to put pen to paper [or words into a Word doc]. This is one of the most critical traits. Without putting in your writing time, your book becomes a â€Å"someday† thing instead of an â€Å"it’s-happening-right-now† thing.By nurturing the writing habit, you are creating content people will love to read and pay money for. You will exercise that writing muscle and churn out a great story, a memoir, or a book that offers solutions.Ask yourself:What is my daily word count goal?How many words would I have to write every day to finish my next book by a chosen deadline?How many books could I finish in a year if I sti ck to a writing habit of 1500 words per day? [You might be surprised!]Pro Author Trait #2: Approach Writing as a BusinessA hobby is something you do when you have time; the business of writing and becoming a pro author is what you make time for every work day. Authors who approach writing as a business are far more likely to succeed than hobby authors who show up occasionally with little direction and lofty ideas. A professional author is, essentially, a creative business person.As with any business, your author business needs a schedule, deadlines, goals, and a plan. Authors spend time planning the material they are creating, how they will deliver it and, most important, they deliver when that deadline approaches.As with any job, you have to show up every day at the time designated or else you don’t get paid. Writers who make a living at their craft go to work every day with the mindset that this IS their business and not just a dreamy project that they are going to pick awa y at. One of the fatal flaws many â€Å"hobby authors† make is in thinking that the writing success will just happen if they keep plugging away haphazardly. Maybe it will, but most likely, it’s your approach to the writing craft as a business that will determine your level of success.Of course there is nothing wrong with writing as a hobby! However, if you want to turn this into a real thing, start to think and plan as a business leader. Pro authors make a living at writing because they are intentional with their business goals.Ask yourself:Am I a writing hobbyist or is this my future business?Do I have a business plan for my author business?Pro Author Trait #3: Write Valuable Content People Want to ReadA pro author does one of two things: either tells a good story [fiction] or provides solutions to a problem [nonfiction]. A great author can even combine both for a more compelling read!It isn’t enough just to be a good writer, but you have to write with intentio nal purpose and provide valuable content people want to read. If you write fiction, you craft page-turners with crisp plots leading to a compelling climax.For nonfiction authors, your readers have a problem and they need you to solve it. Knowing your audience and writing for them is the best way to make your content valuable and in demand. You can master your craft by giving people what they desire most: entertainment, information, inspiration, or a book that promises to change their lives forever.Ask Yourself:Who am I writing for?Does my content provide a specific solution?Am I engaging my readers?Pro Author Trait #4: Delegate Business Work to Other ProfessionalsThere are so many tasks that a writer can do that have nothing to do with writing: editing, cover design, formatting, book promotions, and social media engagement. The list is endless. For pro authors, the crux of your daily activities should focused around product creation. This could be writing a book, blogging, or creati ng a course.But the fact is, time is limited. If you try to do it all, you’ll get burned out and start watching television to escape.As with any business, you need a tribe of people assigned to different parts of the business so that you have more time to do the work that only you can do: writing books. This means creating content readers love should be at the forefront of your business. Delegating everything else to freelancers will save you precious time and eliminate the stress of feeling like â€Å"I have to do it all.†Ask yourself:Is there anything I’m doing that falls outside of content creation?If so, could the extra work be done by someone else?Could I find someone on Upwork or Fiverr to take care of it, or do I need to look elsewhere?Identify where you can save yourself both time and stress by delegating the little stuff so you can spend more time doing what pro authors do bestwrite books!Pro Author Trait #5: Become a Habitual Note TakerBoth fiction and nonfiction writers craft their books around the ideas they have day and night. And we never know when or where these ideas are going to strike.Ideas are like rainbows; one minute they’re here and the next minutepoof, they’re gone! You need to be ready at all times to catch ideas as they come. If not, you’ll struggle to remember hours later what that â€Å"golden idea† was that passed through your mind.Get into the habit of carrying a small notebook with you. When you go to sleep, keep your notebook within reach for ideas that come in the night, or as you doze in the morning. You can install idea-capturing apps on your devices such as Evernote, Simplenote, and Apple Notes. Make your idea capturing system easily accessible at all times.Ask yourself:Am I prepared at all times for capturing ideas?How can I set up my system for note taking when I’m on the run? When I’m sleeping? When I’m at a party conversing with important people and sud denly get that idea I’ve been waiting for all year?Free Course: Discover my blueprint to gofrom blank page to bestseller in 90 daysIf you want to finish your book, you need a roadmap. That’s why I’m sharing some of the best strategies and tricks other bestselling authors paid thousands of dollars to get yours FREE.Here’s what you’ll get:The EXACT blueprint to FINALLY cross â€Å"write a book† off your bucket list in just 90 daysThe Bestselling Book Launch Blueprint behind dozens of bestsellersCase studies of bestselling authors who made $1,287, $5,500, even $12,424.03 from their first bookGet FREE behind-the-scenes access nowPro Author Trait #6: Read with Purposeful IntentWriters read! Yes, we love reading. It stimulates your imagination and paves the way for more ideas. You can read books in your genre or read something totally unrelated. When you’re not writing, set aside time to read your favorite book. If you are writing a serie s of books on sales, you could read books on that topic. It could give you more insight into your area of expertise.Reading just fifteen minutes before bed enhances sleep patterns, reduces cortisol levels, and improves cognitive functions. So don’t find the time to read; make a conscious choice to create that reading habit, even if it is only for a few minutes.Ask Yourself:How much time can I read a day?What book can I start reading now that would improve my business or contribute to personal development?Pro Author Trait #7: Retain Readers and Build a Loyal Fan BaseIf you notice, almost all professional authors got that way because they focused on a particular brand or niche. Then they built a strong following of raving fans in that niche. Readers become fans and fans become regular customers who buy your other books.The best way to create a loyal following is to write for your fans. Keep giving them more of what they crave by constantly creating content that offers value. Wh en you write, know who you are writing for and create content they need.By using an email marketing service such as MailChimp or AWeber, you can gather email addresses of your loyal fans and communicate with them regularly. Pro authors understand the absolute must of having an email list, and they build their author business entirely around it.Ask Yourself:Am I writing for a specific niche, or do I change topics often?What do my readers like about my work? If you aren’t sure yet, find out why people are reading your stuff.What email marketing service am I using to collect email addresses?Pro Author Trait #8: Recognize the Importance of RewritingEvery great author knows that the real writing isnt in the first draft- the real work towards greatness begins during the self-editing phase. The first draft offers a framework for the book and the rewrite is the guts of the machine; it’s here that all the sweating and crying pays off.Writing is 10% talent and 90% hard work. The pros spend about 20% of their efforts on the first draft and the rest goes towards rewriting, revising, pulling their hair out, and refining the manuscript until they get it to the point that it’s good enough to ship to the editor.Many authors, even the pros, can get bogged down in editing. This is especially true when the perfectionist monster is on your back. But real pros know that an unfinished book is an unpublished book, and nobody reads a book that isn’t published.In a very tiny nutshell, here’s how to be a writer:Be a pro.Revise your work.Let a professional editor polish it.Ship your product.Ask Yourself:Do I spend enough time on rewriting?Do I get bogged down in the editing phase and need to ship it to the editor?Pro Author Trait #9: Ship Product Consistently Despite Their FearsAs Seth Godin says:â€Å"Ship often. Ship lousy stuff, but ship. Ship constantly. Skip meetings. Often. Skip them with impunity. Ship†¦The paradox of our time is that the instincts that kept us safe in the day of the saber tooth tiger and General Motors are precisely the instincts that will turn us into road kill in a faster than fast internet-fueled era. The resistance is waiting. Fight it. Ship.†James Patterson published 15 titles last year. Indie author Patrick King publishes a book every 4-5 weeks.Pro authors are always putting out content and creating. But shipping raises fear in many people. Let’s face it, it’s scary to put stuff out there for everyone to judge and criticize. But if you want to become the professional you know you can be, you have to ship your product as often as you can.Ask Yourself:Am I stuck because I’m afraid of shipping my book?How can I get over the fear of putting my content out there?Pro Author Trait #10: Become a Master of RejectionIf there is any one trait that a professional writer has it is this: the ability to keep pushing forward despite the critics, naysayers, and abundant forms of reje ction. You’ve no doubt heard the stories of power authors like Rowling and Grisham, King and Margaret Mitchell. Getting rejected or having your draft torn apart by critics and reviewers can crush your confidence, but only if you let it.The one trait that turns an average person into extraordinary is the ability of taking rejection and crushing through the barrier of being told â€Å"No.† The authors who make it develop grit. In psychology, grit  is based on your passion for a particular long-term goal, alongside motivation to achieve your objective. In other words, you get what you want when you want it badly enough.Ask Yourself:How badly do I want to write this book?Am I passionate about the story or content I am crafting?How Bad Do You Want It?Success as an author rarely happens by accident. It’s a combination of strategic planning, your mental attitude, and perseverance. Whether you are struggling to write your first book, or you already have a thriving bus iness based on writing, by sticking to the 10 traits of successful authors, you can take your writing career to an all new level.Now you know how to be a writer. But are you going to do it? Imagine where you could be in six months from now once you implement these traits and make it happen.

Free Essays on Minoan Crete

Crete’s island was covered with mountains and valleys. The rich soil and mild climate made Crete a good place to live. Their technology called the plow made it easy to grow more crops in rain-watered regions and civilization was able to spread beyond the river valleys. People living by the sea and ocean can supplement agriculture by fishing. In the eastern Mediterranean, these factors contributed to the rise of civilization on the island of Crete. Although scholars still have not figured out the origins of the first people of Crete, it is obvious that around 2000 BC the Cretans had made a strong civilization. Their civilization was all about great palace complexes, the famous one at Knossos. Historian named the civilization Minoan, after the legendary king minos. At the top of Minoan Society stood the rulers of the different palaces. These rulers governed all aspects of Minoan society. Under them were nobles, followed by a class of artisans, merchants, farmers and herders, and a specially trained class of scribes who served as the ruler’s bureaucracy. By looking at the lack of weapons displayed in Minoan art or found in their tombs, the Minoans were not violent and did not wreak their cities against invaders. The Minoans built structures that were technologically and architecturally advances, because Crete lies on an active fault zone and suffers a lot of earthquakes. Most families had timber and stucco houses. The royal and rich families had running water and lavatories. Homes were usually decorated with nice looking frescoes. Frescos are painting made right on the plaster walls. Many frescoes are of animals and plants from Mesopotamia and the Nile valley, suggesting trade contacts with these other regions. Minoan Men and women may have had the same status. Frescoes shoe women and men being in sports games like boxing and bull leaping in special bullrings. Minoan religion also showed the status of women. Its main figur... Free Essays on Minoan Crete Free Essays on Minoan Crete Crete’s island was covered with mountains and valleys. The rich soil and mild climate made Crete a good place to live. Their technology called the plow made it easy to grow more crops in rain-watered regions and civilization was able to spread beyond the river valleys. People living by the sea and ocean can supplement agriculture by fishing. In the eastern Mediterranean, these factors contributed to the rise of civilization on the island of Crete. Although scholars still have not figured out the origins of the first people of Crete, it is obvious that around 2000 BC the Cretans had made a strong civilization. Their civilization was all about great palace complexes, the famous one at Knossos. Historian named the civilization Minoan, after the legendary king minos. At the top of Minoan Society stood the rulers of the different palaces. These rulers governed all aspects of Minoan society. Under them were nobles, followed by a class of artisans, merchants, farmers and herders, and a specially trained class of scribes who served as the ruler’s bureaucracy. By looking at the lack of weapons displayed in Minoan art or found in their tombs, the Minoans were not violent and did not wreak their cities against invaders. The Minoans built structures that were technologically and architecturally advances, because Crete lies on an active fault zone and suffers a lot of earthquakes. Most families had timber and stucco houses. The royal and rich families had running water and lavatories. Homes were usually decorated with nice looking frescoes. Frescos are painting made right on the plaster walls. Many frescoes are of animals and plants from Mesopotamia and the Nile valley, suggesting trade contacts with these other regions. Minoan Men and women may have had the same status. Frescoes shoe women and men being in sports games like boxing and bull leaping in special bullrings. Minoan religion also showed the status of women. Its main figur...

Arbitration of Investment Disputes - A Turkish Perspective Essay

Arbitration of Investment Disputes - A Turkish Perspective - Essay Example The arbitrator can  be a third reliable party between the two opponents. They make a decision outside the court of law and predominantly decisions made by the arbitrator are final and binding. So, arbitration is an â€Å"Alternative Dispute Resolution† technique used by two conflicting parties to resolve their dispute without getting into legal (court) formalities. In big investments where the government, big corporate and financial institutions deals within country or internationally, dispute arises because of company policies, changing e theonomy, conditions of countries, policies of both parties countries dealing with, political environment, etc. ‘Investment Arbitration’ is a policy for economic development and prosperity supported and backed by economic policies by setting up independent disciplines for the development and civilization of institution by enforcing good governance with effective, efficient and disciplined economic reforms which ultimately results in better investment conditions and environment and development of policies for investors protection. 1 So, arbitration of investment dispute is a perfect path of resolving an international dispute among two opponent parties with the help of an arbitrator for the quick decision, it may be between two individuals or individual with the government, financial institutions, corporate or any two parties. The primary source for information for investment arbitration is regional and bilateral investment treaties which are according to United Nation Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Till now there are 2,500 treaties and it is increasing by 50 to 100 in numbers every year. This is primarily because of the growing number of law firms. IISD is an authorized institution for reviewing and revising the main rules of arbitration.

Mayans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mayans - Essay Example He refers to his offerings as golden, implying that they are valuable. The statues, which Augustus removed, were made of silver. He, however, chose gold for the temple because it was more valuable than silver.2 He is interested in donating what he feels is the best to the temple. It shows his desire to give back to the society instead of benefiting himself, a sign of modesty. In another situation, Augustus describes how he had bailed out the public treasury, built roads, and financed major public projects.3 He also describes how he had built a strong army in his nineteenth year using personal resources. His modesty comes out clearly from his desire to achieve the societal goals rather than personal ambitions. Augustus modesty is also evident from the way he chose to store the silver statues he had removed. It seems he did not want to offend the people who had honored him by building the statues. He chose to put their names on his offerings to the Apollo

An analysis of counselling and counselling skill as a therapeutic Essay - 1

An analysis of counselling and counselling skill as a therapeutic intervention in nursing an amputee patient - Essay Example Counselling skills involve the use of a range of specific skills by the counsellor to help the client. The core of counselling skills includes the skills of listening, reflecting and empathy (Corney, 1995.) There is no universally accepted single definition for counselling skills. Counselling skills differs from listening skills and counselling on the basis of the intentions of the user (Palmer & MacMahon, 1997). The intention is to enhance the performance of their functional role, as nurse, tutor, social worker etc., and in turn, the recipient will, perceive them in that functional role (Palmer & MacMahon, 1997) In other words, it can be said that a person using counselling skills is enhancing communication with someone without assuming a role as their counsellor (Palmer & MacMahon, 1997). The recipient perceives this as an action within a professional/caring role (Palmer S, MacMahon G, 1997) Not every one who uses counselling skills can be called a counsellor. A counsellor uses counselling skills as a distinct profession (Sutton & Stewart, 2002). Others might use counselling skills as part of their other skills. This might be only temporary (Sutton & Stewart, 2002.) There is a difference between counselling, advice, persuasion and undue influence. Advice involves telling a person what to do or not to do. Counselling involves telling a person what is possible, and not what to do (Sutton & Stewart, 2002.) Exerting undue influence or manipulation is done against a persons will, making the person feel uncomfortable or angry. Counselling on the other hand involves exploration of all the alternatives (Sutton & Stewart, 2002.) There is also a difference between counselling and other forms of helping. The primary difference is the way in which the counsellor actively listens. It also involves being aware of the client’s non-verbal communications, body posture, gestures etc. (Sutton & Stewart, 2002.) 1. Interpersonal skills-a competent

The New Freedom, Chapter one The Older Changeth, Chapter VIII, Essay

The New Freedom, Chapter one The Older Changeth, Chapter VIII, Monopoly, Or Opportunity - Essay Example The other problem that comes in is lack of proper human relations. (Wilson 2). You will find that that the rule that governs us is at some point unrealistic since like for instance when workers are subjected to poor working conditions and in the process injuries occur the employee is not compensated since it is believed that the order did not come from the owners of the organization since it came from the minor supervisor. I term this to be negligence of the highest order. In this case the best thing that the government should do is to revise the constitution and amend such clauses in order to stabilize the situation and build a better working nation. The laws have also changed the system in a bigger way and the relations of the employer and the employee has become very hard to handle. Having a good relationship from the major stakeholders of an organization helps so much since the corporation between the employer and the employee gets better hence making the working conditions of the employer get easier and hence increasing the output. The best solution to such a problem is not changing the individual but by changing the whole system (Wilson 15). Â  President Wilson says that for those less privileged with less capital find it very difficult to catch up with the economy since they cannot be able to compete with the big investors. The reason behind this is because the laws that govern us do not fight for the less privileged this will lead to only the usual great investors will dominate the economy. The middle class is affected by the process of prosperity which is not originating (Wilson 26). The modern trust comes in with monopolies and they have come up through the enlargement of business conditions in the United States. The trusts were not developed in the past and they are being used in the modern industries. Trust is formed when people do their best to promote it. It is well known that the lawyers

Peace Processes Are the Preferred Method of Establishing Lasting Peace Assignment

Peace Processes Are the Preferred Method of Establishing Lasting Peace - Assignment Example The move to use peaceful means for dispute resolution was accelerated in large part by the influx of the First and Second World War in the twentieth century. The use of violence failed to accomplish little more than death and destruction on a scale never witnessed before in both of these wars. This paper will attempt to analyse why peace processes have failed to end the violence in conflicts. The scope of the current discussion will remain limited to the twentieth and the twenty-first centuries alone in order to develop a stronger argument. The first major visible effort for initiating peace in the twentieth century came through the Treaty of Versailles in the aftermath of the First World War. Some may argue that the Treaty of Versailles was little more than retribution for Germany’s actions in the war. However, it must be borne in mind that the statesmen of Europe were mature enough to attempt to deliver lasting peace using the Treaty of Versailles. This maturity stemmed from previous peacebuilding efforts such as the Congress of Vienna that had delivered Europe with peace for nearly a century (King, 2008) (Zamoyski, 2007). The comparison between the Treaty of Versailles and the Congress of Vienna provides an immediately noticeable difference – the representation of stakeholders. The Congress of Vienna was highly tolerant of the demands of Talleyrand but there was no such behaviour at the drafting of the Treaty of Versailles. It has also been suggested that the Germans were purposefully kept out of the dr afting procedures in order to deliver a harsh blow to the German state under the Treaty. While the Congress of Vienna was tolerant of the French, the Treaty of Versailles was discriminatory to the Germans (Lentin, 1985). This behaviour of the Allied victors through the Treaty of Versailles was enough to instigate German resistance to this understanding of peace.  

Revisiting American Indian Educational Experiences Essay

Revisiting American Indian Educational Experiences - Essay Example government and Christian missionary societies cooperated to "civilize," Christianize, and assimilate Indians. The books showed that despite the school’s attempt to â€Å"civilize† its students, it still failed to destroy the native children’s tribal identities. Yet it also managed to win many pupils to appreciate the English language and other academic skills. It was a â€Å"successful failure† as Traftzer et al put it because the children managed to keep their identities as native Indians despite the school’s oppressive policy to assimilate them yet they also learned the academics taught without â€Å"losing themselves (29). The book illustrated how culturally destructive boarding schools are to the natives and how it fosters elitism among them but it also highlighted the effort of the student’s to retain their sense of Indian identity that includes their native language that often necessitate resisting the discipline of which boarding schools impose. It showed the resolve of the students at boarding school to retain an identity that was purposely eroded through a policy of

The New Freedom, Chapter one The Older Changeth, Chapter VIII, Essay

The New Freedom, Chapter one The Older Changeth, Chapter VIII, Monopoly, Or Opportunity - Essay Example The other problem that comes in is lack of proper human relations. (Wilson 2). You will find that that the rule that governs us is at some point unrealistic since like for instance when workers are subjected to poor working conditions and in the process injuries occur the employee is not compensated since it is believed that the order did not come from the owners of the organization since it came from the minor supervisor. I term this to be negligence of the highest order. In this case the best thing that the government should do is to revise the constitution and amend such clauses in order to stabilize the situation and build a better working nation. The laws have also changed the system in a bigger way and the relations of the employer and the employee has become very hard to handle. Having a good relationship from the major stakeholders of an organization helps so much since the corporation between the employer and the employee gets better hence making the working conditions of the employer get easier and hence increasing the output. The best solution to such a problem is not changing the individual but by changing the whole system (Wilson 15). Â  President Wilson says that for those less privileged with less capital find it very difficult to catch up with the economy since they cannot be able to compete with the big investors. The reason behind this is because the laws that govern us do not fight for the less privileged this will lead to only the usual great investors will dominate the economy. The middle class is affected by the process of prosperity which is not originating (Wilson 26). The modern trust comes in with monopolies and they have come up through the enlargement of business conditions in the United States. The trusts were not developed in the past and they are being used in the modern industries. Trust is formed when people do their best to promote it. It is well known that the lawyers

Revisiting American Indian Educational Experiences Essay

Revisiting American Indian Educational Experiences - Essay Example government and Christian missionary societies cooperated to "civilize," Christianize, and assimilate Indians. The books showed that despite the school’s attempt to â€Å"civilize† its students, it still failed to destroy the native children’s tribal identities. Yet it also managed to win many pupils to appreciate the English language and other academic skills. It was a â€Å"successful failure† as Traftzer et al put it because the children managed to keep their identities as native Indians despite the school’s oppressive policy to assimilate them yet they also learned the academics taught without â€Å"losing themselves (29). The book illustrated how culturally destructive boarding schools are to the natives and how it fosters elitism among them but it also highlighted the effort of the student’s to retain their sense of Indian identity that includes their native language that often necessitate resisting the discipline of which boarding schools impose. It showed the resolve of the students at boarding school to retain an identity that was purposely eroded through a policy of

Tourism Essay Example for Free

Tourism Essay Tourism is a complex topic, which involves most of the human and scientific elements such as economics, social, environmental, cultural, religious and others. For this reason, there are many different definitions depending on the purpose of the person, subject or research. One of the first simple definition appeared 200 years ago; Leiper defined the tourism as a ‘person engaged in a decadent style of travel’ (Leiper 2004, p.39). However, the definition has been evolving seeing that the tourism keeps growing, which has been affecting all authors definitions. At the same time, authors have different perspective of the tourism, and for this reason have been difficult to create a universal and standard one. Despite the differences, most tourism definitions share a common perspective, ‘they attempted to define tourism in terms of who is a tourist’ (Smith 1988, p.182). Hall said (2007) definitions are essential for any discipline and each one identifies the foci of study. In tourism studies encountered with four interrelated concepts and are the core of this subject: tourism, tourist, tourism industry and tourism resources. To ensure a better understanding, the following essay will describe and analyse four main authors definitions, including their strengths and weakness in order to select the most suitable one. Body The definitions have been divided in two helpful characteristics: conceptual and technical. The conceptual is a broad definition; embrace a general definition as a whole, where non-researchers and non-specialize people are able to understand identifying the essential characteristics of tourism. Technical definition is more specific, providing particular information for industrial, legislative and statistical purposes. Author 1: World Tourism Organisation (WTO) Tourism has different concepts depending in the authors interpretation. Holloway addresses his definition from the World Tourism Organisations, which is: ‘tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business or other purposes’ (Holloway 2009, p.8). Smith explained (1995) that the usual environment it is the first criteria to distinguish the tourism from travel. Exist two elements for this, frequency and distance. The frequency is the regularity of times the person visit the place. The distance, as most of the countries have different view of this it is difficult to defined. However the WTO established that the 160km must be the standard distance. In one hand, some strengths to consider is that this definition covers the three main evaluation aspects of the tourism, which are the purpose, distance and duration of travel. The definition specifically addresses the motivation of the tourists and is classified as holidays, business, religious, academic and health treatment. For the WTO (1995) it is clearly define that the distance can vary from 0 – 100 miles and people are not considered as tourist if it is less of these miles. Additionally the duration of travelling need to be at least one overnight of stay to be a tourist. On the other hand, the weaknesses are the focus of tourist’s definition. The WTO’s technical definition (2004) just engages the economic sector: a tourist is a business traveller, a student, a sick person who visit for health treatment and a person visiting a family member. All these elements are focusing on how much money visitors spend. Exist particular situations that tourists are not considered as tourists, which this led that every year the tourist definition change and misleads many people from being tourist, affecting as well the statistic evaluation of the tourism. It is important that the definition requires a difference in between transit and tourist people. For some countries, still not clear when do these definitions applies, at the same time the distance of travel do not follow the WTO standard. A clear example of this is United State Travel Data (1995) suggested that travelling one way of 100 miles are considered as tourists. However, for the Canadian government (2005) it is around 25 miles away of the person’s residence. This indicates that WTO needs to be firm on implementing the standards in order other countries follows them. Author 2: Leiper, Neil For Leiper, the tourism it is examined on a system approach. Being a system means a ‘set of interrelated groups coordinated to form a unified whole and organized to accomplish a set of goals’ (Goeldner 2009, p. 25). Under this approach, the tourism is ‘the system involving the discretionary travel and temporary stay of persons away from their usual place of residence for one or more nights, excepting tours made for the primary purpose of earning remuneration from points enroute. The elements of the system are tourists, generating regions, transit routes, destination regions, and a tourist industry. These five elements are arranged in spatial and functional connections. Having the characteristics of an open system, the organization of five elements operates within boarder environments: physical, cultural, social, economic, political, and technological with which it interacts’ (Smith 1988, p. 181). The main strengths for Leiper’s definition is that creates and examines the tourism and tourist on a competitive way, join all the approaches and elements that interact or are related to the tourism into a complex and extended definition. As well, the definition includes the consumer and the interaction of all the industries involved with the consumer. As per Leiper’s framework, ‘such approaches would facilitate multidisciplinary studies of particular aspects of tourism and more significantly would give interdisciplinary studies of various facets and perspectives a common point of reference’ (Leiper 1979, p. 395). It is clearly noticed that the definition covers the tourism as a whole including individual, organisations and business to reach the same goal, which is to provide service and deliver the experience to the tourists. The main weakness to consider is the complexity of this definition, which covers all the elements and approaches and sometimes might affect the main objective of the definition. At the same time, Leiper’s (2004) still creates confusion for the tourist’s definition and people have different perception of this. One person think that group of people are tourists, a second one might perceive sightseers as tourists, a third one might regard the cruise people as tourists. Because of this range of concepts and connotations, what delimits the boundaries between tourists and other visitors is difficult to define in a order that suits everybody. Author 3: Smith, Stephen On this section, Smith focuses on a supply side definition, which focuses on the commodities as the core element of the tourism. Most of the authors defined it in terms of goods and services, which is the demand side, not the characteristics or motivations of their consumers. Smith perceives the tourism as ‘the aggregate of all businesses that directly provide goods or services to facilitate business, pleasure and leisure activities away from the home environment’ (Smith 1988, p.183) The strengths of Smith’s goal is to develop a tourism definition based on tourists’ and characteristics that can be comparable with other industrial definitions. Other important characteristic is the inclusions of business and pleasure activities. Smith tries to make it explicit that ‘the motivations of a traveller are unimportant to the definition, although they are extremely important to the marketing sector of the industry’ (Smith 1988, p.183). At the same time, clarifies the distance or duration of the stay from a technical perspective. In addition, Smith developed a supply side definition in order to allow meaningful comparison with other industries. On the other hand, one of the weaknesses of this technical definition is a scale of tourism businesses, these are hotels, restaurants, airport, souvenir shops, transport and to mention others. The tourism has two types of businesses: the ones that ‘would not be able to survive without tourism (Tier 1) and businesses that could survive without tourism (Tier 2)’ (Coope 2005, p.9). Some clear examples for Tier 1 are hotels and airports; for Tier 2 would be transports and restaurants. Some businesses are not direct elements of the tourism as they can survive without it. This can create a conflict if should be part of the tourism business or not. Author 4: Burkart and Medlik On this case, Burkart and Medlik developed a holistic or conceptual definition adopted by the International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism (AIEST): ‘tourism is the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising form the travel and stay of non-residents, in so far as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected to any earning activity’ (Burkart 1981, p.40). One of the main strengths is that a various range of international organizations has recognized this definition. All its features recognises that tourism goes around the principal one, which is the tourist. At the same time, for the reason that it is not part of an academic discipline, allows interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches study the tourism. As well mentioned the time or duration element stating the permanent residence is not a tourist. An essential weakness to be considered is that it is a holistic definition and creates a difficult link in between other industries because describes the tourism as a whole essence of a subject. Certainly, as Leiper’s mentioned (1979) it is an ambiguous meaning and does not specify methodical applications. Furthermore the definition was developed long time ago and tourism has been evolving since then, which this definition creates just a general idea of the tourism and imprecise meaning. In terms of boundaries, this definition does not include the business people, it is focusing for people travelling under leisure and pleasure purposes. Conclusion Several meanings of tourism were identified and analysed. Tourism is a complex, vast and multifaceted, which it is necessary to have different approaches to study the specific field that suits everyone. It is important to clarify distinctions between basic definitions and the elements and characteristics involved in order to have a better perception. These definitions are a guide in order to have a better understanding of the tourism and from which sector people wants to be and understand. To conclude, the WTO should be consider as the standard definition for the reason is an international organisation and includes the main tourism elements: purpose of travel and time element. Furthermore it is a clear definition where everyone can have access and better understanding.

The Subject Of Human Rights And Globalisation Politics Essay

The Subject Of Human Rights And Globalisation Politics Essay The subject on human right and globalization are not easy topics to discuss, mainly because of different connotation and understanding of the terms globalization and human rights. Some scholars defined Globalization, as conceived process that turns the world into a global market for goods and services dominated and steered by the powerful gigantic transnational corporations and governed by the rule of profit  [1]  . In which scholars argue that all the human rights of the people in the world, particularly in the south mostly developing countries are critically endangered in this context scholars view globalization as posing new treats not adequately governed by existing international human rights  [2]  . On other hand, globalization is seen as turning the whole world into one global village in which all peoples are increasingly unified and all the fences or barriers are detached, so that the world witnesses a new state of fast and free flow of people, capital, goods and ideas . In this context globalization is bringing prosperity to all the corners of the globe, and spreading human right and freedom as well as justice, human rights and globalization are then viewed as two topics mutually reinforcing and positive in improving human well-being.  [3]  The topic of Human right and Globalization are subject of discussion among scholars and policy makers in the world today, where there are clear pictures on how Globalization has positively contributed to the universality of human rights and created more potential for its promotion across the world, some scholars disagree with this assumption and argue that, to some instance globalization put human rights in danger. This paper examines the impacts of globalization and it achievement of human rights with focus it will explore the interaction linking the state and none states with the market to evaluate the effects of globalization on the accomplishment of human rights standards in the world. Working with the definition cited by Allan (2009), that sees Globalization as process that turns the whole world into one global village in which all peoples are increasingly interconnected and all the fences or barriers are removed, so that the world witnesses a new state of fast and free flow of people, capital, goods and ideas. One will say that globalization has positively contributed to human rights, as these processes allows non governmental actors to be involved with transnational social movement networks, increasing consciousness and information politics that have potential to address both traditional and emerging forms of human rights violation. Understanding this global village phenomenon allows scholars to look deeply on transnational integration and increased mobility has simultaneously strengthened the protection of individual rights and the dignity of individuals. At its core globalization is the interrelationships, interconnection, and interdependence of all the countr ies of the world. It is the spread of capitalism across the globe bringing with it both opportunities of business and a flow of capita. However, it is more than just free trade; the forces that allow businesses to operate beyond national borders allow activists, journalists, and scholars to work on a global scale. in this context, Globalization resulted in a significant loss of control and sovereignty for the state  [4]  , its argued by Apodaca (2001) that states no longer hold a control over the allocation of public goods and services  [5]  , information is gained by everybody either through internet or international media, people get access to foreign information and this is believed to have contributed positively to spread of human right around the globe  [6]  . While some nation states still restricts it citizens to access international news, like the case of china, scholars still argue that Globalizations has weakened government power to control people movements. In other word globalization has also lead to a noticeable empowerment of actors such as transnational corporations, civil society groups and intergovernmental economic organizations, and lead to a rapid development of human rights.  [7]  In short; due to improved technology, less government interferences, and free movement of people and goods, globalization increased media coverage draws the attention of the world to human right violations, which leads to improvement in human rights. As argued by Marquardt that globalization offers great opportunities to generate more universal observance of human rights, but it also poses serious dangers to the fundamental rights of the individual  [8]  . Moreover, globalization is essentially a synonym for global business and is personified by three organizations: the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Trade Organization (WTO). These organizations are at the center of a great debate over the virtues and evils of globalization. There are many convincing arguments both against and in favor of globalization. For positive side, scholars argue that globalization of capital contributes positively to the universality of human rights as it permits a flow of capital to the most productive and resourceful business projects. This trend is believed to boost profits, which make the economy grow, which mostly results in constructive social goals, such as higher employment levels that improves living standards, education become affordable, lower taxes, and larger capital expenses on people, in areas such as health care which play very significant role in improving human conditons. Globalization of capital in addition i s believed to have remarkably developed and increased attention to womens rights and incorporation of womens human rights into the human rights discourse (Moghadam 2005). It has also created economical opportunities for women. Though, many of these opportunities are formed in sweatshops and low payment jobs. Nevertheless, they increase women participation in the economy, even if it is largely in the informal sector the potential demand of empowering women is increasing (Mae, Bayes et al. 2000). Furthermore, supporters of globalization argue that, while the state is the agent charged with the protection and promotion of human rights, it is also traditionally the primary violator of those rights.  [9]  Kind models of globalization recommend that the liberalization of markets reinforces human rights by encouraging growth and plunging the authority of the state. Without a doubt, a number of studies on human rights, defined as physical integrity rights, do indicate a connection between economic development, conventionally calculated by GDP, and the higher attainment of human rights. The right to personal integrity is essential in that, the exclusive of these rights, no human can survive without being in panic for his or her life and well-being. Scholars have revealed that there is an elevated level of individual integrity infringements in underdeveloped countries. The free market or liberal economic policies, it is believed, that it will not only promote development in poor countries but in addition it will uphold civil liberties and democracy. It was argued by Moore as cited by Apodaca (2001) that,economic liberalization is also thinning the power of the governments by removing capital out of the hands of the state and making it accessible for of individuals to get financial resources, these are those individual are those who search not just for legal protection but moreover greater influence in policies affecting them  [10]  . this demonstrate that globalization in this regard is privileging individuals and weakening abusive governments. Scholars have been studying the issue of multinational corporations in connection to human rights, and the result seem to be more positive than one might aspects, according to Richards and Gellenys quantitative studies, there are key points that are indentified to be positively influential to human rights specifically in Less Developed Countries (LDCs). First property rights, is argued to be influential to investors who would prefer to invest in a nation where property rights are respected and where rule of law is followed, that gives them guaranty that their property and investments will be respected. Moreover, labour policies are additional concerns that most MNCS look at before investing as argued MNCs evaluate labor and wage policies, which including as well the right of workers to organize, safety standards, social welfare policies and wage rate  [11]  . Reputation is an additional point that is believed to bsse influential for investors, Richards and Gelleny argue that comp anies may seek to improve their reputation by associating their product with improving human rights. Otherwise they may run the risk of being exposed to an embarrassing media campaign highlighting their connections to regimes that abuses human rights  [12]  . Additionally to their findings, Richards and Gelleny discovered that countries where government respect open political participation and open media and freedom of worship and free movement of its people MNCs appear willing to invest. There are known to be additional benefit of Globalization in connection to human rights, these including education and access to new technology, as its argue by Stiglitz that, globalization has reduced the sense of isolation felt in much of the developing world and has given many people in the developing countries access to knowledge well beyond the reach of even the wealthiest in any country a century ago  [13]  . He further argue that foreign aid, is an additional aspect of the globalized world, which has brought benefits to millions, often in ways that have almost gone unnoticed, globalization in this way provide help for educational services for those who had no information for instance in HIV/Aids prevention, its helps in other projects that were ignored by nation governments. In contrast, the benefits of globalization on human rights are not universal. As most scholars argues, Globalization has increased the gap of poverty, that makes the rich are getting richer and the poor are becoming more poorer. Those who reject the notion that Globalization contributed positively to human rights argue that: Globalization has led to exploitation of labor. Prisoners and child workers are used to work in inhumane conditions. Safety standards are ignored to produce cheap goods. These arguments are issues that one should take into consideration when debating the impact of globalization on human rights, as it provide us with evidence how inequality and poverty are measured and what the results of such measurements are. Additionally, those on the opposition to the benefit of globalization on human rights argue that the influence of the World Bank- and IMF and their structural adjustment policies that include privatization of the economy, has made Multinational Companies an d corporations which were previously restricted to commercial activities to have increasingly influence on political decisions of developing countries, this lead to governments inability to maintain social welfare in developing countries. As is argued by Dr Samir Naim-Ahmed that; Since the Universal declaration of Human rights in 1948 many countries of the world ,whether in the north or the south succeed in enhancing the implementation of human rights , particularly in the economic, social and cultural domains simply through policies of subsidizing food, housing and services such as health care , transportation ,sanitation, culture and education . Many countries, particularly in the south made considerable achievements in the field of the right to work simply by taking decisions to protect local industries from competition and thus creating job opportunities for their population.  [14]   Moreover, a scholar against globalization in relation to human rights like Alison Brysk (2002) argues that social rights and economic rights have been mostly abandoned both in terms of international recognition and policy implementation. He further argues that The recent phase of globalization enriched some but did not improve the human rights conditions for a large segment of the world population.  [15]  It was further argued by Apocade that Labor rights and social services have been denied by the upward trend of neoliberal policies. Improvements in civil and political rights have been rough, mostly symbolic, and perhaps unsustainable. Especially since the attacks of September 11, 2001,  [16]  national security and order have reemerged as values that are considered to be more important, and that can be maintained only at the expense of human freedoms. Measures taken by the United States and its allies in connection to their war on terror show the fragility of human rights th at were assumed to be well-established and secure at least in mature Western democracies. Moreover, scholars argue that due to free markets and a rapid access to goods, Terrorists have access to classy armaments increasing their ability to inflict damage. As the case of Terrorists use the Internet for communicating which create more treat to the world? Its has been disputed that, the strictness agendas imposed by financial institutions have some very unenthusiastic outcomes on the people living in developing countries, those against globalization argue that demands from global financial organization has formed perhaps the strongest form of reliance since the beginning of dependence. In order for a state to be eligible for financial support from global organizations, the government must approach its economic policies to meet the terms with the regulations and standards recognized by the main actors. Thus, states in required of credits give up their administrative power to global agencies such as the World Bank, the IMF, or the World Trade Organization (WTO)  [17]  . With Many MNCs having superior resources than many Third World states. Third World countries rely on those corporations for financial support, monetary flows, industrial transfers, and employment opportunities for their citizens. Economic globalization thus exploits the developing world: cheap labor, minimal skill transmission, restrictions on technology transfers, and no long-term commitment to stay or reinvest in a countrys economy. Consequently, foreign capital reinforces and strengthens repression in developing countries. To attract or preserve foreign investment, governments must lower business costs, thus suppressing labor demands and reducing corporate taxation rates. Moreover, Corporations are growing constantly the power of which must not be underestimated. For example, it can damage liberty with inhumane working conditions, child labor or the ruthless destruction of the environment and hence the fundamentals of life. The question as to whether and how such power is controllable raises explosive legal and economic issues.  [18]   A more negative view of developing countries integration into the global economy, often attributed to dependency or neo-Marxist theorists, holds that multinational corporation activity contributes to human rights abuses. Its argued that due to these conditions and the level of poverty in developing countries many MNCs have larger revenues than many developing countries states. Third World countries are dependent on MNCs for trade, financial flows, technological transfers, and employment opportunities for their citizens. Economic globalization thus exploits the developing world: cheap labor, minimal skill transmission, restrictions on technology transfers, and no long-term commitment to stay or reinvest in a countrys economy. Consequently, foreign capital reinforces and strengthens repression in developing countries. To attract or preserve foreign investment, governments must lower business costs, thus suppressing labor demands and reducing corporate taxation rates. It was argued by A podaca (2001) that due to weaknesses of governments, if government officials attempt to enact unfriendly policies, the result could lead to capital flight, loss of tax revenues, and massive unemployment. States may feel that they have no option but to entertain MNCs if they want to increase their economies, employment, and tax revenues  [19]  . The discussion on globalization and human right has lead scholars to look at the issue of culture and human rights, its has well provided topic of discussion that most policy makers seem to disagree on, the issue of The Western human rights approach which primarily focuses on civil and political rights to the effective segregation of economic and social rights. These arguments are based on what Pieterse cites the conceived understanding of Globalization in sense that the world is becoming more uniform and standardized, through a technological, commercial, and cultural synchronization emanating from the west, and that globalization is tied up with modernity  [20]  . Moreover, the thrust of social and political rights believed to be a way to protect the individual from the unrestrained power of the state which seem to be different in Asia  [21]  , as it was cited by Apodaca that political and civil rights, for Asian-values advocates, may be deferred until other, more pressing, economic rights are met. It was further argued by Apodaca that to accelerate economic development and to maintain a stable political environment, a state may have to resort to authoritarian governing practices, often suppressing labor demands and political opposition  [22]  ; this was a scandalous exposure in a 1993 declaration, Singapores then Minister for Foreign Affairs Wong Kan Seng declared a cited by Apodaca (2002) that: Poverty makes a mockery of all civil liberties. Poverty is an obscene violation of the most fundamental of individual rights. Economic growth is the necessary foundation of any system that claims to advance human dignity, and that order and stability are essential for development.  [23]   it was argued by Wong as cited in Apodaca (2002), if political and civil human rights are an obstacle to economic progress, they would not be accepted, and an overemphasis on individual rights would retard the process of development. For many Asian leaders and policy makers, according to Apodaca economic rights are the most fundamental of rights, while political and civil rights are viewed as a luxury to be considered only once everyone is fed  [24]  . In short, those against globalization in connection to human right argue that, the results of globalization are the way many people have been poor and for many countries social and political instability and chaos. They further argue that IMF has made mistakes in all the areas it has been involved in: developments, crisis management, and in countries making the transition from communism where it was believed that human rights were not respected to capitalism. The most divisive topic in rejection of globalization and human rights is structural adjustment programs which resulted to failure of most states that were hoping to benefits from it, in contrast it created a gape between the poor and rich. As the case of education in developing countries, where more social services are restricted by the b y the IMF, health care as well are known to be been affected by the structural adjustment program. All these are known to have negative impact on human rights globally. While most scholars discuss the benefit of Globalization is sense of connection and creation of a global village, a place where people from all over the world meet and move freely, one will argue that this is just a theory but in actual sense these movements of people are restricted by developed nations, people are not as free as it sound to get American visa, or European visa. In conclusion, Markowitz argues that globalization and human rights are known as wide conditional fields that hold expressive and descriptive power and as political, juridical, economic and cultural development and institutions. Presenting promises of liberation from restraining national limits and substitute to caste, gender and a racial hierarchy, the discourse of globalization and human rights offers avenues for resisting local structures of power and asserting identity claims via supranational organizations and the state  [25]  . While there are still resistance on how much is globalization improving human right , based on the above arguments one will still close this debate by stating that the situation of human rights has improved in general compared to previous centuries, where slavery was dominant, colonization was the leading mode and government were not democratic. For instance, due to globalization one can argue that the rights of women and children are seen to be bett er and recognized as well as safeguarded than in earlier times this might be associated as well to the need for development and the interconnection that globalization is promoting. Moreover, freedom of expression has been facilitated via internet where activists have chance to rise their voice freely (though this might not be easy in countries like china but there are seen to be improvement due to the globalized technology), freedom of religious belief is a very problematic problem due to the war on terrorism. Freedoms of movements is known to have improved in the last decades due to increasing technology, this allows human rights activist to move and get information easily that ever before. In addition, the modern means of communication helps in realization of person and people rights.